Deuteronomy 21:4 · JPS 1917
And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.
Who acts: elders · What happens: bring down, plow, sow, break · To what, where: heifer, rough valley, neck, valley
This is Deuteronomy 21:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 bring | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 elders | det |
| 3 | elders | elder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 bring | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 city | case |
| 5 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 city | det |
| 6 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 elders | nmod |
| 7 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 bring | aux |
| 8 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 9 | down | down | ADV | _ | 8 bring | compound:prt |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 heifer | det |
| 11 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bring | obj |
| 12 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 15 valley | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 valley | det |
| 14 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 valley | amod |
| 15 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bring | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 plowed | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 plowed | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 plowed | aux |
| 19 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 23 sown | cc:preconj |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 plowed | aux:pass |
| 21 | plowed | plow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 valley | acl:relcl |
| 22 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 23 sown | cc |
| 23 | sown | sow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 plowed | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 break | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 break | cc |
| 26 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 break | aux |
| 27 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 bring | conj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 heifer | det |
| 29 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 neck | nmod:poss |
| 30 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 29 heifer | case |
| 31 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 break | obj |
| 32 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 break | advmod |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 valley | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 valley | det |
| 35 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 break | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 bring | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring down | shall | the elders of that city | the heifer | unto a rough valley | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument heifer=Destination | |||
| 2 | plow | may · passive | a rough valley | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location»: subject=Initial_Location | |||||
| 3 | sow | participle | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | break | shall | the elders of that city not said here | the heifer's neck | the valley; there | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neck=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃
Deuteronomy 21:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DEU:565 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.565/