Deuteronomy 21:3 · JPS 1917
And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke.
Who acts: city · What happens: be, take, not wrought, not draw · To what, where: land, heifer, herd, yoke
This is Deuteronomy 21:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 be | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 be | expl |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 be | aux |
| 4 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 be | punct |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 take | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 city | det |
| 8 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 take | nsubj |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 nearest | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 nearest | cop |
| 11 | nearest | near | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 city | acl:relcl |
| 12 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 15 man | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 man | det |
| 14 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 man | amod |
| 15 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 nearest | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 elders | punct |
| 17 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 elders | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 elders | det |
| 19 | elders | elder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 take | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 city | case |
| 21 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 city | det |
| 22 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 elders | nmod |
| 23 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 take | aux |
| 24 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 be | ccomp |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 heifer | det |
| 26 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 take | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 herd | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 herd | det |
| 29 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 heifer | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 wrought | punct |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 wrought | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 wrought | aux |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 wrought | advmod |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 wrought | aux:pass |
| 35 | wrought | wrought | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 herd | acl:relcl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 wrought | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 drawn | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 drawn | cc |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 drawn | nsubj |
| 40 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 drawn | aux |
| 41 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 42 drawn | advmod |
| 42 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 wrought | conj |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 yoke | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 yoke | det |
| 45 | yoke | yoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 drawn | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 be | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | shall | land | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the city | unto the slain man; near property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | shall | the city | a heifer of the herd | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument heifer=Destination | ||||
| 4 | not wrought | present · perfect · passive | the herd | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | not draw | present · perfect | the yoke | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in yoke=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהָיָ֣ה הָעִ֔יר הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל וְלָֽקְח֡וּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֜וא עֶגְלַ֣ת בָּקָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־עֻבַּד֙ בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־מָשְׁכָ֖ה בְּעֹֽל׃
Deuteronomy 21:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DEU:564 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.564/