Deuteronomy 25:1 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: controversy, men, judges · What happens: be, come, judge, justify, condemn · To what, where: men, righteous, wicked

This is Deuteronomy 25:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — controversy, men, judges — and what happens in the verse to men, righteous, wicked, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה רִיב֙ בֵּ֣ין אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְנִגְּשׁ֥וּ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט וּשְׁפָט֑וּם וְהִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙ אֶת־הַצַּדִּ֔יק וְהִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ אֶת־הָרָשָֽׁע׃

If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment, and the judges judge them, by justifying the righteous, and condemning the wicked,

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	mark	(dm)
2	יִהְיֶ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	cop	it will happen
3	רִיב֙	רִיב	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	nsubj	a dispute
4	בֵּ֣ין	בֵּין	ADP	_	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	case	between
5	אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	root	root	people
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 נִגְּשׁ֥וּ	cc	and
7	נִגְּשׁ֥וּ	נָגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	conj	they will draw near
8	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	10 מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט	case	to
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט	det	the place
10	מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 נִגְּשׁ֥וּ	obl	of judgment
11	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 שְׁפָט֑וּ	cc	and
12	שְׁפָט֑וּ	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	conj	they
13	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 שְׁפָט֑וּ	obj	will judge them
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 הִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙	cc	and
15	הִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙	צָדֵק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	conj	they will declare righteous
16	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 צַּדִּ֔יק	case	(et)
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 צַּדִּ֔יק	det	the righteous
18	צַּדִּ֔יק	צַדִּיק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 הִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙	obj	[one]
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 הִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ	cc	and
20	הִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ	רָשַׁע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	5 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	conj	they will condemn as guilty
21	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	23 רָשָֽׁע	case	(et)
22	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 רָשָֽׁע	det	the guilty
23	רָשָֽׁע	רָשָׁע	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 הִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ	obj	[one]
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 רָשָֽׁע	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִהְיֶה it will happen	yiqtol · qal	רִיב a dispute
נִגְּשׁוּ they will draw near	weqatal · niphal	אֲנָשִׁים people
שְׁפָטוּ they	weqatal · qal		ם will judge them
הִצְדִּיקוּ they will declare righteous	weqatal · hiphil		צַּדִּיק [one]
הִרְשִׁיעוּ they will condemn as guilty	weqatal · hiphil		רָשָֽׁע [one]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

אֲרֵי יְהֵי דִין בֵּין גֻבְרַיָא וְיִתְקָרְבוּן לְדִינָא וִידוּנֻנוּן וִיזַכּוּן יָת זַכָּאָה וִיחַיְבוּן יָת חַיָבָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment, and the judges judge them, by justifying the righteous, and condemning the wicked,

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:655.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.1/