Deuteronomy 25:3 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: he · What happens: give, not exceed, exceed, beat, dishonour · To what, where: Forty stripes, him, these, brother

This is Deuteronomy 25:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — he — and what happens in the verse to Forty stripes, him, these, brother, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יַכֶּ֖נּוּ לֹ֣א יֹסִ֑יף פֶּן־יֹסִ֨יף לְהַכֹּת֤וֹ עַל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ מַכָּ֣ה רַבָּ֔ה וְנִקְלָ֥ה אָחִ֖יךָ לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ס

Forty stripes he may give him, he shall not exceed; lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother should be dishonoured before thine eyes.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אַרְבָּעִ֥ים	אַרְבַּע	NUM	Number=Plur	2 יַכּ	advmod	forty [times]
2	יַכּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he
3	ֶ֖נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יַכּ	obj	will strike him
4	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	5 יֹסִ֑יף	advmod	not
5	יֹסִ֑יף	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַכּ	parataxis	he will increase
6	פֶּן־	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	7 יֹסִ֨יף	mark	lest
7	יֹסִ֨יף	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַכּ	advcl	he should increase
8	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	9 הַכֹּת	case	to
9	הַכֹּת	נָכָה	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	7 יֹסִ֨יף	xcomp	strike
10	֤וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 הַכֹּת	obj	him
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 אֵ֙לֶּה֙	case	to
12	אֵ֙לֶּה֙	אֵלֶּה	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	7 יֹסִ֨יף	obl	these
13	מַכָּ֣ה	מַכָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 יֹסִ֨יף	obj	a blow
14	רַבָּ֔ה	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 מַכָּ֣ה	amod	much
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 נִקְלָ֥ה	cc	and
16	נִקְלָ֥ה	קָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַכּ	conj	he will be dishonored
17	אָחִ֖י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 נִקְלָ֥ה	nsubj	countryman
18	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 אָחִ֖י	nmod:poss	your
19	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	20 עֵינֶֽי	case	to
20	עֵינֶֽי	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	16 נִקְלָ֥ה	obl	eyes
21	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 עֵינֶֽי	nmod:poss	your
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 ךָ	punct
23	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	21 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַכּ he	yiqtol · hiphil	ֶנּוּ will strike him
not יֹסִיף he will increase	yiqtol · hiphil
יֹסִיף he should increase	yiqtol · hiphil	מַכָּה a blow
הַכֹּת strike	infinitive construct · hiphil	וֹ him
נִקְלָה he will be dishonored	weqatal · niphal		אָחִי countryman

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

אַרְבְּעִין יַלְקִנֵהּ לָא יוֹסֵף דִילְמָא יוֹסֵף לְאַלְקָיוּתֵהּ עַל אִלֵין מָחָא רַבָּא וְיֵקַל אֲחוּךְ לְעֵינָיךְ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Forty stripes he may give him, he shall not exceed; lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother should be dishonoured before thine eyes.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:657.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.3/