Deuteronomy 3:28 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: you, Joshua, people, thou · What happens: charge, encourage, strengthen, go over, cause, inherit · To what, where: Joshua, people, land

This is Deuteronomy 3:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, Joshua, people, thou — and what happens in the verse to Joshua, people, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְצַ֥ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ כִּי־ה֣וּא יַעֲבֹ֗ר לִפְנֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃

But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 צַ֥ו	cc	and
2	צַ֥ו	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	commission
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	case	(et)
4	יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 צַ֥ו	obj	Joshua
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 חַזְּק	cc	and
6	חַזְּק	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	2 צַ֥ו	conj	encourage
7	ֵ֣הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 חַזְּק	obj	him
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 אַמְּצ	cc	and
9	אַמְּצ	אָמֵץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	2 צַ֥ו	conj	strengthen
10	ֵ֑הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 אַמְּצ	obj	him
11	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	13 יַעֲבֹ֗ר	mark	(dm)
12	ה֣וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 יַעֲבֹ֗ר	nsubj	he
13	יַעֲבֹ֗ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 צַ֥ו	advcl	he will pass over
14	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	15 פְנֵי֙	case	before
15	פְנֵי֙	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 יַעֲבֹ֗ר	obl
16	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 עָ֣ם	det	the
17	עָ֣ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 פְנֵי֙	compound:smixut	people
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 זֶּ֔ה	det	(the)
19	זֶּ֔ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	17 עָ֣ם	det	this
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יַנְחִ֣יל	cc	and
21	הוּא֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 יַנְחִ֣יל	nsubj	he
22	יַנְחִ֣יל	נָחַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 צַ֥ו	conj	he will give as an inheritance
23	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	24 ָ֔ם	case
24	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 יַנְחִ֣יל	obj	them
25	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	27 אָ֖רֶץ	case	(et)
26	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 אָ֖רֶץ	det	the
27	אָ֖רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 יַנְחִ֣יל	xcomp	land
28	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	29 תִּרְאֶֽה	mark	which
29	תִּרְאֶֽה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	27 אָ֖רֶץ	acl:relcl	you will see
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 תִּרְאֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
צַו commission	imperative · piel		יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
חַזְּק encourage	imperative · piel		ֵהוּ him
אַמְּצ strengthen	imperative · piel		ֵהוּ him
יַעֲבֹר he will pass over	yiqtol · qal	הוּא he
יַנְחִיל he will give as an inheritance	yiqtol · hiphil	ָם them	אָרֶץ land	הוּא he
תִּרְאֶֽה you will see	yiqtol · qal		אָרֶץ land

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּפַקֵד יָת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְתַקֶפְהִי וְאַלֶמְהִי אֲרֵי הוּא יֵעִבַר קֳדָם עַמָא הָדֵין וְהוּא יַחְסֵן יָתְהוֹן יָת אַרְעָא דִי תֶחֱזֵי

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:110.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.28/