Exodus 10:14 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: locusts, such locusts · What happens: go up, rest, be · To what, where: land, borders

This is Exodus 10:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — locusts, such locusts — and what happens in the verse to land, borders, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֣עַל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיָּ֕נַח בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד לְ֠פָנָיו לֹא־הָ֨יָה כֵ֤ן אַרְבֶּה֙ כָּמֹ֔הוּ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃

And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֣עַל	cc	and
2	יַּ֣עַל	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it came up
3	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 אַרְבֶּ֗ה	det	the
4	אַרְבֶּ֗ה	אַרְבֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּ֣עַל	nsubj	locust[s]
5	עַ֚ל	עַל	ADP	_	6 כָּל־	case	on
6	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּ֣עַל	obl	all
7	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the land
8	מִצְרַ֔יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	7 אֶ֣רֶץ	compound:smixut	of Egypt
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יָּ֕נַח	cc	and
10	יָּ֕נַח	נוּחַ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣עַל	conj	it settled down
11	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 כֹ֖ל	case	in
12	כֹ֖ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יָּ֕נַח	obl	all
13	גְּב֣וּל	גְּבוּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 כֹ֖ל	compound:smixut	the territory
14	מִצְרָ֑יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	13 גְּב֣וּל	compound:smixut	of Egypt
15	כָּבֵ֣ד	כָּבֵד	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יָּ֕נַח	parataxis	heavy
16	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	15 כָּבֵ֣ד	advmod	very
17	לְ֠	לְ	ADP	_	18 פָנָי	case	before
18	פָנָי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יַּ֣עַל	parataxis
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 פָנָי	nmod:poss	it
20	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	18 פָנָי	advmod	not
21	הָ֨יָה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 פָנָי	cop	it had been
22	כֵ֤ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	23 אַרְבֶּה֙	advmod	thus
23	אַרְבֶּה֙	אַרְבֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 פָנָי	nsubj	locust[s]
24	כָּמֹ֔	כְּמוֹ	ADP	_	25 הוּ	case	like
25	הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 פָנָי	obl	it
26	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 ו	cc	and
27	אַחֲרָ֖י	אַחַר	ADP	_	28 ו	case	after
28	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 פָנָי	conj	it
29	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	28 ו	advmod	not
30	יִֽהְיֶה־	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	28 ו	cop	it will be
31	כֵּֽן	כֵּן	ADV	_	28 ו	advmod	thus
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 כֵּֽן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יַּעַל it came up	wayyiqtol · qal	אַרְבֶּה locust[s]
יָּנַח it settled down	wayyiqtol · qal	אַרְבֶּה locust[s]
הָיָה it had been	qatal · qal	אַרְבֶּה locust[s]
יִֽהְיֶה־ it will be	yiqtol · qal	אַרְבֶּה locust[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּסְלֵיק גוֹבָא עַל כָּל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם וּשְׁרָא בְּכָל תְּחוּם מִצְרָיִם תַּקִיף לַחֲדָא קֳדָמוֹהִי לָא הֲוָה כֵן גוֹבָא דִכְוָתֵהּ וּבַתְרוֹהִי לָא יְהֵי כֵן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:258.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.14/