Exodus 15:16 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: Terror, people, Thou · What happens: fall, be, pass over, get · To what, where: people

This is Exodus 15:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Terror, people, Thou — and what happens in the verse to people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם אֵימָ֙תָה֙ וָפַ֔חַד בִּגְדֹ֥ל זְרוֹעֲךָ֖ יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּאָ֑בֶן עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר עַמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה עַֽד־יַעֲבֹ֖ר עַם־ז֥וּ קָנִֽיתָ׃

Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm they are as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over that Thou hast gotten.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	תִּפֹּ֨ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has fallen
2	עֲלֵי	עַל	ADP	_	3 הֶ֤ם	case	on
3	הֶ֤ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 תִּפֹּ֨ל	obl	them
4	אֵימָ֙ת	אֵימָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 תִּפֹּ֨ל	nsubj	terror
5	ָה֙	ה	X	_	4 אֵימָ֙ת	nmod
6	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 פַ֔חַד	cc	and
7	פַ֔חַד	פַּחַד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אֵימָ֙ת	conj	dread
8	בִּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 גְדֹ֥ל	case	on
9	גְדֹ֥ל	גָּדוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יִדְּמ֣וּ	obl	the greatness
10	זְרוֹע	זְרוֹעַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 גְדֹ֥ל	compound:smixut	your arm
11	ֲךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 זְרוֹע	nmod:poss	your
12	יִדְּמ֣וּ	דָּמַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 תִּפֹּ֨ל	parataxis	they have become still
13	כָּ	כְּ	ADP	_	15 אָ֑בֶן	case	like
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 אָ֑בֶן	det	(the)
15	אָ֑בֶן	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 יִדְּמ֣וּ	obl	stone
16	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	17 יַעֲבֹ֤ר	case	until
17	יַעֲבֹ֤ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 יִדְּמ֣וּ	parataxis	it has passed by
18	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יַעֲבֹ֤ר	nsubj	people
19	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 עַמּ	nmod:poss	your
20	יְהוָ֔ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	12 יִדְּמ֣וּ	parataxis	O Yahweh
21	עַֽד־	עַד	ADP	_	22 יַעֲבֹ֖ר	case	until
22	יַעֲבֹ֖ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 יִדְּמ֣וּ	parataxis	it has passed by
23	עַם־	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יַעֲבֹ֖ר	nsubj	[the] people
24	ז֥וּ	זוּ	SCONJ	_	25 קָנִֽיתָ	mark	which
25	קָנִֽיתָ	קָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	23 עַם־	acl:relcl	you have bought
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 קָנִֽיתָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תִּפֹּל it has fallen	yiqtol · qal	אֵימָת terror + פַחַד dread
יִדְּמוּ they have become still	yiqtol · qal
יַעֲבֹר it has passed by	yiqtol · qal	עַמּ people
יַעֲבֹר it has passed by	yiqtol · qal	עַם־ [the] people
קָנִֽיתָ you have bought	qatal · qal	יְהוָה O Yahweh	עַם־ [the] people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

תַּפִּיל עֲלֵיהוֹן אֵימְתָא וְדַחַלְתָּא בִּסְגֵי תָקְפָּךְ יִשְׁתְּקוּן כְּאַבְנָא עַד דְיֵעִבַּר עַמָךְ יְיָ יָת אַרְנוֹנָא עַד דְיֵעִבַּר עַמָא דְנַן דִי פְרַקְתָּא יָת יַרְדְנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm they are as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over that Thou hast gotten.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:403.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.16/