Exodus 15:16 · JPS 1917
Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm they are as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over that Thou hast gotten.
Who acts: Terror, people, Thou · What happens: fall, be, pass over, get · To what, where: people
This is Exodus 15:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Terror, people, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 falleth | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 dread | cc |
| 3 | dread | dread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Terror | conj |
| 4 | falleth | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 them | case |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 falleth | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 greatness | punct |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 greatness | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 greatness | det |
| 10 | greatness | greatness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 still | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 arm | case |
| 12 | Thine | thine | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 arm | nmod:poss |
| 13 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 greatness | nmod |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 still | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 still | cop |
| 16 | as | as | ADV | _ | 17 still | advmod |
| 17 | still | still | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 falleth | parataxis |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 stone | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 stone | det |
| 20 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 still | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 pass | punct |
| 22 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 25 pass | mark |
| 23 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 24 people | nmod:poss |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 pass | nsubj |
| 25 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 still | advcl |
| 26 | over | over | ADP | _ | 25 pass | compound:prt |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 LORD | punct |
| 28 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 29 LORD | discourse |
| 29 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 pass | vocative |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 pass | punct |
| 31 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 34 pass | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 people | det |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 pass | nsubj |
| 34 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 pass | advcl |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 34 pass | compound:prt |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 gotten | obj |
| 37 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 gotten | nsubj |
| 38 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 gotten | aux |
| 39 | gotten | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 people | acl:relcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 falleth | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present | Terror and dread | upon chiefs = chief | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | present | Terror | by the greatness of Thine arm; as a stone; still property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | pass over | present | Thy people | LORD vocative | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | pass over | present | the people | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | get | present · perfect | Thou | the people | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם אֵימָ֙תָה֙ וָפַ֔חַד בִּגְדֹ֥ל זְרוֹעֲךָ֖ יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּאָ֑בֶן עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר עַמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה עַֽד־יַעֲבֹ֖ר עַם־ז֥וּ קָנִֽיתָ׃
Exodus 15:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:432 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.432/