Exodus 18:22 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: you, man, people · What happens: let, judge, bring, make, bear · To what, where: man, people, great matter, small matter, such, burden

This is Exodus 18:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, man, people — and what happens in the verse to man, people, great matter, small matter, such, burden, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת־הָעָם֮ בְּכָל־עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵ֑ם וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ׃

And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so shall they make it easier for thee and bear the burden with thee.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	cc	and
2	שָׁפְט֣וּ	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will judge
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 עָם֮	case	(et)
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עָם֮	det	the
5	עָם֮	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	obj	people
6	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 כָל־	case	at
7	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	obl	every
8	עֵת֒	עֵת	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 כָל־	compound:smixut	time
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 הָיָ֞ה	cc	and
10	הָיָ֞ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	conj	it will be
11	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יָבִ֣יאוּ	obj	every
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 דָּבָ֤ר	det	(the)
13	דָּבָ֤ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כָּל־	compound:smixut	matter
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 גָּדֹל֙	det	(the)
15	גָּדֹל֙	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 דָּבָ֤ר	amod	great
16	יָבִ֣יאוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	parataxis	they will bring
17	אֵלֶ֔י	אֶל	ADP	_	18 ךָ	case	to
18	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 יָבִ֣יאוּ	obl	you
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יִשְׁפְּטוּ־	cc	and
20	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 יִשְׁפְּטוּ־	obj	every
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 דָּבָ֥ר	det	(the)
22	דָּבָ֥ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 כָל־	compound:smixut	matter
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 קָּטֹ֖ן	det	(the)
24	קָּטֹ֖ן	קָטֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 דָּבָ֥ר	amod	small
25	יִשְׁפְּטוּ־	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	conj	they will judge
26	הֵ֑ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 יִשְׁפְּטוּ־	nsubj	they
27	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 הָקֵל֙	cc	and
28	הָקֵל֙	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	conj	lighten
29	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	31 ךָ	case	from
30	עָלֶ֔י	עַל	ADP	_	31 ךָ	case	on
31	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	28 הָקֵל֙	obl	yourself
32	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 נָשְׂא֖וּ	cc	and
33	נָשְׂא֖וּ	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שָׁפְט֣וּ	conj	they will bear
34	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	35 ָֽךְ	case	with
35	ָֽךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	33 נָשְׂא֖וּ	obl	you
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 ָֽךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שָׁפְטוּ they will judge	weqatal · qal		עָם people
יָבִיאוּ they will bring	yiqtol · hiphil	דָּבָר matter
יִשְׁפְּטוּ־ they will judge	yiqtol · qal	הֵם they	דָּבָר matter
הָקֵל lighten	imperative · hiphil
נָשְׂאוּ they will bear	weqatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וִידוּנוּן יָת עַמָא בְּכָל עִדַן וִיהֵי כָּל פִּתְגַם רַב יַיְתוּן לְוָתָךְ וְכָל פִּתְגַם זְעֵיר יְדוּנוּן אִנוּן וְיִקְלוּן מִנָךְ וִיסוֹבְרוּן עִמָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so shall they make it easier for thee and bear the burden with thee.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:488.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.22/