Exodus 20:18 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: people, mountain · What happens: perceive, smoking, see, tremble, stand · To what, where: thunderings, mountain

This is Exodus 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, mountain — and what happens in the verse to thunderings, mountain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְכָל־הָעָם֩ רֹאִ֨ים אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם וְאֵת֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וְאֶת־הָהָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן וַיַּ֤רְא הָעָם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃

(20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 רֹאִ֨ים	cc	and
2	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 רֹאִ֨ים	nsubj	all
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עָם֩	det	the
4	עָם֩	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
5	רֹאִ֨ים	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	root	root	[were] seeing
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 קּוֹלֹ֜ת	case	(et)
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 קּוֹלֹ֜ת	det	the thunder
8	קּוֹלֹ֜ת	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 רֹאִ֨ים	obj	claps
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 לַּפִּידִ֗ם	cc	and
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	12 לַּפִּידִ֗ם	case	(et)
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 לַּפִּידִ֗ם	det	the
12	לַּפִּידִ֗ם	לַפִּיד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 קּוֹלֹ֜ת	conj	lightning(s)
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 ק֣וֹל	cc	and
14	אֵת֙	אֵת	ADP	_	15 ק֣וֹל	case	(et)
15	ק֣וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 קּוֹלֹ֜ת	conj	the sound
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 שֹּׁפָ֔ר	det	of
17	שֹּׁפָ֔ר	שֹׁופָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 ק֣וֹל	compound:smixut	the ram's horn
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 הָ֖ר	cc	and
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 הָ֖ר	case	(et)
20	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 הָ֖ר	det	the
21	הָ֖ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 קּוֹלֹ֜ת	conj	mountain
22	עָשֵׁ֑ן	עָשֵׁן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 הָ֖ר	amod	smoking
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יַּ֤רְא	cc	and
24	יַּ֤רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 רֹאִ֨ים	conj	it saw
25	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 עָם֙	det	the
26	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יַּ֤רְא	nsubj	people
27	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 יָּנֻ֔עוּ	cc	and
28	יָּנֻ֔עוּ	נוּעַ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	24 יַּ֤רְא	conj	they trembled
29	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ	cc	and
30	יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	24 יַּ֤רְא	conj	they stood
31	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	32 רָחֹֽק	case	from
32	רָחֹֽק	רָחֹוק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ	obl	a distance
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 רָחֹֽק	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רֹאִים [were] seeing	participle active · qal	עָם people	קּוֹלֹת claps + לַּפִּידִם lightning(s) + קוֹל the sound + הָר mountain
יַּרְא it saw	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people	קּוֹלֹת claps + לַּפִּידִם lightning(s) + קוֹל the sound + הָר mountain
יָּנֻעוּ they trembled	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people
יַּֽעַמְדוּ they stood	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְקָם עַמָא מֵרָחִיק וּמשֶׁה קָרֵב לְצַד אַמִיטְּתָא דִתַמָן יְקָרָא דַיְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

(20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:536.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.18/