Exodus 20:18 · JPS 1917
(20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off.
Who acts: people, mountain · What happens: perceive, smoking, see, tremble, stand · To what, where: thunderings, mountain
This is Exodus 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 20-15 | punct |
| 2 | 20-15 | 20-15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 perceived | parataxis |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 20-15 | punct |
| 4 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 perceived | cc |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 people | det:predet |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 people | det |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 perceived | nsubj |
| 8 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 thunderings | det |
| 10 | thunderings | thundering | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 perceived | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 lightnings | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 lightnings | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 lightnings | det |
| 14 | lightnings | lightning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 thunderings | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 voice | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 voice | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 voice | det |
| 18 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 thunderings | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 horn | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 horn | det |
| 21 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 voice | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 smoking | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 smoking | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 smoking | det |
| 25 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 thunderings | conj |
| 26 | smoking | smoking | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 mountain | acl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 trembled | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 trembled | cc |
| 29 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 32 saw | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 people | det |
| 31 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 saw | nsubj |
| 32 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 trembled | advcl |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 saw | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 saw | punct |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 trembled | nsubj |
| 36 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 perceived | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 stood | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 stood | cc |
| 39 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 trembled | conj |
| 40 | afar | afar | ADV | _ | 41 off | advmod |
| 41 | off | off | ADV | _ | 39 stood | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perceive | past | all people | the thunderings and the lightnings and the voice of the horn and mountain | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thundering=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | smoking | gerund | mountain not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | see | past | the people | mountain | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | tremble | past | people | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | stand | past | people not said here | off property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְכָל־הָעָם֩ רֹאִ֨ים אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם וְאֵת֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וְאֶת־הָהָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן וַיַּ֤רְא הָעָם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃
Exodus 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:571 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.571/