Exodus 32:31 שְׁמוֹת
Who acts: Moses, people · What happens: return, say, sin, make · To what, where: great sin, god, people · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Exodus 32:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, people — and what happens in the verse to great sin, god, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיָּ֧שָׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יָּ֧שָׁב | cc | and |
| 2 | יָּ֧שָׁב | שׁוּב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he returned |
| 3 | מֹשֶׁ֛ה | מֹשֶׁה | PROPN | _ | 2 יָּ֧שָׁב | nsubj | Moses |
| 4 | אֶל־ | אֶל | ADP | _ | 5 יְהוָ֖ה | case | to |
| 5 | יְהוָ֖ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 2 יָּ֧שָׁב | obl | Yahweh |
| 6 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 יֹּאמַ֑ר | cc | and |
| 7 | יֹּאמַ֑ר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יָּ֧שָׁב | conj | he said |
| 8 | אָ֣נָּ֗א | אָנָּא | INTJ | _ | 9 חָטָ֞א | discourse | please! |
| 9 | חָטָ֞א | חָטָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 7 יֹּאמַ֑ר | ccomp | it has sinned |
| 10 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 11 עָ֤ם | det | the |
| 11 | עָ֤ם | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 חָטָ֞א | nsubj | people |
| 12 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 13 זֶּה֙ | det | (the) |
| 13 | זֶּה֙ | זֶה | DET | Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 עָ֤ם | det | this |
| 14 | חֲטָאָ֣ה | חֲטָאָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 9 חָטָ֞א | obj | a sin |
| 15 | גְדֹלָ֔ה | גָּדוֹל | ADJ | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 14 חֲטָאָ֣ה | amod | great |
| 16 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 יַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ | cc | and |
| 17 | יַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 9 חָטָ֞א | conj | they have made |
| 18 | ל | לְ | ADP | _ | 19 ָהֶ֖ם | case | for |
| 19 | ָהֶ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 יַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ | obl | themselves |
| 20 | אֱלֹהֵ֥י | אֱלֹהִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 17 יַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ | obj | gods |
| 21 | זָהָֽב | זָהָב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 20 אֱלֹהֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of gold |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 זָהָֽב | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יָּשָׁב he returned | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה Moses | |||
| יֹּאמַר he said | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה Moses | |||
| חָטָא it has sinned | qatal · qal | עָם people | חֲטָאָה a sin | ||
| יַּֽעֲשׂוּ they have made | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם people | אֱלֹהֵי gods |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וְתַב משֶׁה לִקֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲמָר בְּבָעוּ חַב עַמָא הָדֵין חוֹבָא רַבָּא וַעֲבָדוּ לְהוֹן דַחֲלָן דִדְהָב:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:936.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.32.31/