Exodus 4:23 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: I, son, lord, thou · What happens: say, let, go, serve, refuse, not let · To what, where: son, Me, lord · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 4:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, son, lord, thou — and what happens in the verse to son, Me, lord, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֗יךָ שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי וַתְּמָאֵ֖ן לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ הִנֵּה֙ אָנֹכִ֣י הֹרֵ֔ג אֶת־בִּנְךָ֖ בְּכֹרֶֽךָ׃

And I have said unto thee: Let My son go, that he may serve Me; and thou hast refused to let him go. Behold, I will slay thy son, thy first-born.' —

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֹמַ֣ר	cc	and
2	אֹמַ֣ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I said
3	אֵלֶ֗י	אֶל	ADP	_	4 ךָ	case	to
4	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 אֹמַ֣ר	obl	you
5	שַׁלַּ֤ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	2 אֹמַ֣ר	ccomp	let go
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	7 בְּנ	case	(et)
7	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 שַׁלַּ֤ח	obj	son
8	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 בְּנ	nmod:poss	my
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יַֽעַבְד	cc	so
10	יַֽעַבְד	עָבַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 שַׁלַּ֤ח	conj	that
11	ֵ֔נִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 יַֽעַבְד	obj	he may serve me
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 תְּמָאֵ֖ן	cc	and
13	תְּמָאֵ֖ן	מָאֵן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	2 אֹמַ֣ר	conj	you refused
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	15 שַׁלְּח	case	to
15	שַׁלְּח	שָׁלַח	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	13 תְּמָאֵ֖ן	xcomp	let
16	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 שַׁלְּח	obj	him go
17	הִנֵּה֙	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	19 הֹרֵ֔ג	discourse	here!
18	אָנֹכִ֣י	אָנֹכִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 הֹרֵ֔ג	nsubj	I
19	הֹרֵ֔ג	הָרַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 אֹמַ֣ר	parataxis	[am] about to kill
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 בִּנ	case	(et)
21	בִּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 הֹרֵ֔ג	obj	son
22	ְךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 בִּנ	nmod:poss	your
23	בְּכֹר	בְּכֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 בִּנ	appos	firstborn
24	ֶֽךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	23 בְּכֹר	nmod:poss	your
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 ֶֽךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֹמַר I said	wayyiqtol · qal
שַׁלַּח let go	imperative · piel		בְּנ son
יַֽעַבְד that	jussive · qal	בְּנ son	ֵנִי he may serve me
תְּמָאֵן you refused	wayyiqtol · piel
שַׁלְּח let	infinitive construct · piel		וֹ him go
הֹרֵג [am] about to kill	participle active · qal	אָנֹכִי I	בִּנ son

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמָרִית לָךְ שַׁלַח יָת בְּרִי וְיִפְלַח קֳדָמַי וְאִם סָרִיב אַתְּ לְשַׁלָחוּתֵהּ הָא אֲנָא קָטִיל יָת בְּרָךְ בּוּכְרָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:91.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.23/