Exodus 9:24 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: hail, fire · What happens: flash up, not be, become · To what, where: such land, nation

This is Exodus 9:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hail, fire — and what happens in the verse to such land, nation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֣י בָרָ֔ד וְאֵ֕שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת בְּת֣וֹךְ הַבָּרָ֑ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵאָ֖ז הָיְתָ֥ה לְגֽוֹי׃

So there was hail, and fire flashing up amidst the hail, very grievous, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֣י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֣י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	בָרָ֔ד	בָּרָד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְהִ֣י	nsubj	hail
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 אֵ֕שׁ	cc	and
5	אֵ֕שׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 בָרָ֔ד	conj	fire
6	מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing	5 אֵ֕שׁ	acl:relcl	[was] flashing
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 ת֣וֹךְ	case	in
8	ת֣וֹךְ	תָּוֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת	obl	the middle
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 בָּרָ֑ד	det	of
10	בָּרָ֑ד	בָּרָד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 ת֣וֹךְ	compound:smixut	the hail
11	כָּבֵ֣ד	כָּבֵד	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 בָרָ֔ד	amod	heavy
12	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	11 כָּבֵ֣ד	advmod	very
13	אֲ֠שֶׁר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	17 הוּ֙	mark	which
14	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	17 הוּ֙	advmod	not
15	הָיָ֤ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	17 הוּ֙	cop	it had been
16	כָמֹ֙	כְּמוֹ	ADP	_	17 הוּ֙	case	like
17	הוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 בָרָ֔ד	acl:relcl	it
18	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 כָל־	case	in
19	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הוּ֙	obl	all
20	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 כָל־	compound:smixut	the land
21	מִצְרַ֔יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	20 אֶ֣רֶץ	compound:smixut	of Egypt
22	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	23 אָ֖ז	case	from
23	אָ֖ז	אָז	ADV	_	26 גֽוֹי	nmod	then
24	הָיְתָ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	26 גֽוֹי	cop	it had become
25	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	26 גֽוֹי	case	(into) a
26	גֽוֹי	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הוּ֙	parataxis	nation
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 גֽוֹי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יְהִי it was	wayyiqtol · qal	בָרָד hail + אֵשׁ fire
מִתְלַקַּחַת [was] flashing	participle active · hithpael	אֵשׁ fire
הָיָה it had been	qatal · qal	בָרָד hail + אֵשׁ fire
הָיְתָה it had become	qatal · qal	מִצְרַיִם of Egypt

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַהֲוָה בַרְדָא וְאֶשָׁתָא מִשְׁתַּלְהָבַת בְּגוֹ בַרְדָא תַּקִיף לַחֲדָא דִי לָא הֲוָה דִכְוָתֵהּ בְּכָל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם מֵעִדַן דַהֲוַת לְעָם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So there was hail, and fire flashing up amidst the hail, very grievous, such as had not been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:233.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.24/