Genesis 12:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Pharaoh, thou · What happens: call, say, be, do, not tell · To what, where: Abram, this, me, wife · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 12:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Pharaoh, thou — and what happens in the verse to Abram, this, me, wife, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרָ֤א פַרְעֹה֙ לְאַבְרָ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֑י לָ֚מָּה לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י כִּ֥י אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃

And Pharaoh called Abram, and said: 'What is this that thou hast done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	cc	and
2	יִּקְרָ֤א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he summoned
3	פַרְעֹה֙	פַּרְעֹה	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	nsubj	Pharaoh
4	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	5 אַבְרָ֔ם	case	(to)
5	אַבְרָ֔ם	אַבְרָם	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	obl	Abram
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֹּ֕אמֶר	cc	and
7	יֹּ֕אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	conj	he said
8	מַה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	7 יֹּ֕אמֶר	ccomp	what?
9	זֹּ֖את	זֹאת	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 מַה־	nsubj	this
10	עָשִׂ֣יתָ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	9 זֹּ֖את	acl	have you done
11	לּ	לְ	ADP	_	12 ִ֑י	case	to
12	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 עָשִׂ֣יתָ	obl	me
13	לָ֚	לָמָה	ADP	_	14 מָּה	case
14	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	16 הִגַּ֣דְתָּ	obl	why?
15	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	16 הִגַּ֣דְתָּ	advmod	not
16	הִגַּ֣דְתָּ	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	8 מַה־	parataxis	did you tell
17	לּ	לְ	ADP	_	18 ִ֔י	case	to
18	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 הִגַּ֣דְתָּ	obl	me
19	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	20 אִשְׁתּ	mark	(dm) that
20	אִשְׁתּ	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 הִגַּ֣דְתָּ	ccomp	wife
21	ְךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 אִשְׁתּ	nmod:poss	[was] your
22	הִֽוא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 אִשְׁתּ	nsubj	she
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 הִֽוא	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּקְרָא he summoned	wayyiqtol · qal	פַרְעֹה Pharaoh
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	פַרְעֹה Pharaoh
עָשִׂיתָ have you done	qatal · qal	אַבְרָם Abram	זֹּאת this
not הִגַּדְתָּ did you tell	qatal · hiphil	אִשְׁתּ wife		אַבְרָם Abram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּקְרָא פַרְעֹה לְאַבְרָם וַאֲמַר מָה דָּא עֲבַדְתְּ לִי לְמָא לָא חַוֵּיתָא לִי אֲרֵי אִתְּתָךְ הִיא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Pharaoh called Abram, and said: 'What is this that thou hast done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:316.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.12.18/