Genesis 17:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Abraham, Sarah · What happens: fall, laugh, say, bear, be · To what, where: face, heart, child · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 17:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abraham, Sarah — and what happens in the verse to face, heart, child, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּפֹּ֧ל אַבְרָהָ֛ם עַל־פָּנָ֖יו וַיִּצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בְּלִבּ֗וֹ הַלְּבֶ֤ן מֵאָֽה־שָׁנָה֙ יִוָּלֵ֔ד וְאִ֨ם־שָׂרָ֔ה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תֵּלֵֽד׃

Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּפֹּ֧ל	cc	and
2	יִּפֹּ֧ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he fell
3	אַבְרָהָ֛ם	אַבְרָהָם	PROPN	_	2 יִּפֹּ֧ל	nsubj	Abraham
4	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	5 פָּנָ֖י	case	on
5	פָּנָ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יִּפֹּ֧ל	obl	face
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 פָּנָ֖י	nmod:poss	his
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִּצְחָ֑ק	cc	and
8	יִּצְחָ֑ק	צָחַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּפֹּ֧ל	conj	he laughed
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
10	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּפֹּ֧ל	conj	he said
11	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 לִבּ	case	in
12	לִבּ	לֵב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	heart
13	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 לִבּ	nmod:poss	his
14	הַ	הַ	PART	_	19 יִוָּלֵ֔ד	advmod	to
15	לְּ	לְ	ADP	_	16 בֶ֤ן	case	a
16	בֶ֤ן	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יִוָּלֵ֔ד	obl	son?
17	מֵאָֽה־	מֵאָה	NUM	Number=Sing	18 שָׁנָה֙	nummod	of one hundred
18	שָׁנָה֙	שָׁנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 בֶ֤ן	compound:smixut	year[s]
19	יִוָּלֵ֔ד	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	will he be born
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 שָׂרָ֔ה	cc	and
21	אִ֨ם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	22 שָׂרָ֔ה	mark	or?
22	שָׂרָ֔ה	שָׂרָה	PROPN	_	19 יִוָּלֵ֔ד	conj	Sarah
23	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	27 תֵּלֵֽד	advmod	a
24	בַת־	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	27 תֵּלֵֽד	nsubj	daughter?
25	תִּשְׁעִ֥ים	תֵּשַׁע	NUM	Number=Plur	26 שָׁנָ֖ה	nummod	of ninety
26	שָׁנָ֖ה	שָׁנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 בַת־	compound:smixut	year[s]
27	תֵּלֵֽד	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	22 שָׂרָ֔ה	parataxis	will she bear a child
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 תֵּלֵֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּפֹּל he fell	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְרָהָם Abraham
יִּצְחָק he laughed	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְרָהָם Abraham
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְרָהָם Abraham
יִוָּלֵד will he be born	yiqtol · niphal
תֵּלֵֽד will she bear a child	yiqtol · qal	בַת־ daughter?

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּנְפַל אַבְרָהָם עַל אַפּוֹהִי וַחֲדִי וַאֲמַר בְּלִבֵּהּ הַלְּבַר מְאָה שְׁנִין יְהֵי וְלַד וְאִם שָׂרָה הֲבַת תִּשְׁעִין שְׁנִין תְּלִיד

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:414.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.17.17/