Genesis 18:16 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: men, Abraham · What happens: rise up, look out, go, bring · To what, where: men, way

This is Genesis 18:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Abraham — and what happens in the verse to men, way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ מִשָּׁם֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם הֹלֵ֥ךְ עִמָּ֖ם לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃

And the men rose up from thence, and looked out toward Sodom; and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּקֻ֤מוּ	cc	and
2	יָּקֻ֤מוּ	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they arose
3	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	4 שָּׁם֙	case	from
4	שָּׁם֙	שָׁם	ADV	_	2 יָּקֻ֤מוּ	obl	there
5	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	det	the
6	אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יָּקֻ֤מוּ	nsubj	men
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ	cc	and
8	יַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ	שָׁקַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּקֻ֤מוּ	conj	they looked down
9	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	10 פְּנֵ֣י	case	on
10	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 יַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ	obl	the face
11	סְדֹ֑ם	סְדֹם	PROPN	_	10 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Sodom
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 הֹלֵ֥ךְ	cc	and
13	אַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם	אַבְרָהָם	PROPN	_	14 הֹלֵ֥ךְ	nsubj	Abraham
14	הֹלֵ֥ךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יָּקֻ֤מוּ	conj	[was] walking
15	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	16 ָ֖ם	case	with
16	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 הֹלֵ֥ךְ	obl	them
17	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	18 שַׁלְּח	case	to
18	שַׁלְּח	שָׁלַח	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	14 הֹלֵ֥ךְ	advcl	send
19	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 שַׁלְּח	obj	them off
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּקֻמוּ they arose	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
יַּשְׁקִפוּ they looked down	wayyiqtol · hiphil	אֲנָשִׁים men
הֹלֵךְ [was] walking	participle active · qal	אַבְרָהָם Abraham
שַׁלְּח send	infinitive construct · piel	אַבְרָהָם Abraham	ָֽם them off

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְקָמוּ מִתַּמָּן גֻּבְרַיָּא וְאִסְתְּכִיאוּ עַל אַפֵּי סְדוֹם וְאַבְרָהָם אָזַל עִמְּהוֹן לְאַלְווֹאֵיהוֹן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the men rose up from thence, and looked out toward Sodom; and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:440.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.16/