Genesis 18:31 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: righteous, I, twenty · What happens: say, take, speak, be, find, not destroy · To what, where: thirty · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 18:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — righteous, I, twenty — and what happens in the verse to thirty, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּֽה־נָ֤א הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔י אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם עֶשְׂרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃

And he said: 'Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord. Peradventure there shall be twenty found there.' And He said: 'I will not destroy it for the twenty's sake.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֗אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֗אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	הִנֵּֽה־	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	5 הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙	parataxis	here!
4	נָ֤א	נָא	INTJ	_	3 הִנֵּֽה־	discourse	please
5	הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙	יָאַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יֹּ֗אמֶר	ccomp	I have undertaken
6	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	7 דַבֵּ֣ר	case	to
7	דַבֵּ֣ר	דָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	5 הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙	advcl	speak
8	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	9 אֲדֹנ	case	to
9	אֲדֹנ	אֲדֹנָי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 דַבֵּ֣ר	obl	Lord
10	ָ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	[the]
11	אוּלַ֛י	אוּלַי	ADV	_	12 יִמָּצְא֥וּ	advmod	perhaps
12	יִמָּצְא֥וּ	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙	parataxis	they
13	ן	נ	X	_	12 יִמָּצְא֥וּ	nmod	will be found
14	שָׁ֖ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	12 יִמָּצְא֥וּ	advmod	there
15	עֶשְׂרִ֑ים	עֶשְׂרִים	NUM	Number=Plur	12 יִמָּצְא֥וּ	nsubj	twenty
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
17	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֗אמֶר	conj	he said
18	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	19 אַשְׁחִ֔ית	advmod	not
19	אַשְׁחִ֔ית	שָׁחַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	17 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	I will destroy [it]
20	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 עֲב֖וּר	case	because
21	עֲב֖וּר	עָבוּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 אַשְׁחִ֔ית	obl	of
22	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 עֶשְׂרִֽים	det	the
23	עֶשְׂרִֽים	עֶשְׂרִים	NUM	Number=Plur	21 עֲב֖וּר	compound:smixut	twenty
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 עֶשְׂרִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
הוֹאַלְתִּי I have undertaken	qatal · hiphil
דַבֵּר speak	infinitive construct · piel
יִמָּצְאוּ they	yiqtol · niphal	עֶשְׂרִים twenty
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
not אַשְׁחִית I will destroy [it]	yiqtol · hiphil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר הָא כְעַן שָׁרֵיתִי לְמַלָּלָא קֳדָם יְיָ מָאִים יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּן תַּמָּן עֶשְרִין וַאֲמַר לָא אֲחַבֵּל בְּדִיל עֶשְׁרִין

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:455.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.18.31/