Genesis 19:17 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: city, lords, Lot, thou · What happens: come, pass, bring, say, escape, not look · To what, where: men, Plain, mountain, thou · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 19:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — city, lords, Lot, thou — and what happens in the verse to men, Plain, mountain, thou, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃

And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִי֩	cc	and
2	יְהִי֩	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 הוֹצִיא	case	just
4	הוֹצִיא	יָצָא	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	2 יְהִי֩	advcl	as
5	ָ֨ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 הוֹצִיא	nsubj	they brought out
6	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	7 ָ֜ם	case
7	ָ֜ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 הוֹצִיא	obj	them
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 ח֗וּצ	det	to
9	ח֗וּצ	חוּץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 הוֹצִיא	obl	the
10	ָה	ה	X	_	9 ח֗וּצ	nmod	outside
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
12	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִי֩	conj	he said
13	הִמָּלֵ֣ט	מָלַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=2	12 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	escape
14	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	15 נַפְשׁ	case	on
15	נַפְשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 הִמָּלֵ֣ט	obl	life
16	ֶ֔ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 נַפְשׁ	nmod:poss	your
17	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	18 תַּבִּ֣יט	advmod	do not
18	תַּבִּ֣יט	נָבַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	13 הִמָּלֵ֣ט	parataxis	look
19	אַחֲרֶ֔י	אַחַר	ADP	_	20 ךָ	case	behind
20	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 תַּבִּ֣יט	obl	you
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	cc	and
22	אַֽל־	אַל	ADV	_	23 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	advmod	do not
23	תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	18 תַּבִּ֣יט	conj	stop
24	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	25 כָל־	case	in
25	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד	obl	all
26	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 כִּכָּ֑ר	det	the
27	כִּכָּ֑ר	כִּכָּר	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 כָל־	compound:smixut	valley
28	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 הָ֥ר	det	to
29	הָ֥ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 הִמָּלֵ֖ט	obl	the hill
30	ָה	ה	X	_	29 הָ֥ר	nmod	country
31	הִמָּלֵ֖ט	מָלַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=2	13 הִמָּלֵ֣ט	parataxis	escape
32	פֶּן־	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	33 תִּסָּפֶֽה	mark	lest
33	תִּסָּפֶֽה	סָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=2	13 הִמָּלֵ֣ט	advcl	you should be swept away
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 תִּסָּפֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
הוֹצִיא as	infinitive construct · hiphil	ָם them	ָם they brought out
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
הִמָּלֵט escape	imperative · niphal
not תַּבִּיט look	jussive · hiphil
not תַּעֲמֹד stop	jussive · qal
הִמָּלֵט escape	imperative · niphal
תִּסָּפֶֽה you should be swept away	yiqtol · niphal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַהֲוָה כַּד אַפִּיקוּ יָתְהוֹן לְבָרָא וַאֲמַר חוּס עַל נַפְשָׁךְ לָא תִּסְתְּכִי לַאֲחוֹרָךְ וְלָא תְקוּם בְּכָל מֵישְׁרָא לְטוּרָא אִשְׁתְּזֵב דִּלְמָא תִלְקֵי

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said: 'Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be swept away.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:474.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.17/