Genesis 19:9 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: men, one fellow, fellow, we · What happens: say, stand back, come in, sojourn, play, deal · To what, where: judge, door · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 19:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, one fellow, fellow, we — and what happens in the verse to judge, door, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃

And they said: 'Stand back.' And they said: 'This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs play the judge; now will we deal worse with thee, than with them.' And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	cc	and
2	יֹּאמְר֣וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they said
3	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	punct
4	גֶּשׁ־	נָגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	ccomp	approach
5	הָ֗לְאָה	הָלְאָה	ADV	_	4 גֶּשׁ־	advmod	beyond
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	cc	and
7	יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	conj	they said
8	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 אֶחָ֤ד	det	the
9	אֶחָ֤ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 בָּֽא־	nsubj	one
10	בָּֽא־	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	ccomp	he came
11	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	12 גוּר֙	case	to
12	גוּר֙	גּוּר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	10 בָּֽא־	advcl	sojourn
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט	cc	and
14	יִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 בָּֽא־	conj	he has judged
15	שָׁפ֔וֹט	שָׁפַט	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 יִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט	obl:npmod	indeed (judge)
16	עַתָּ֕ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	17 נָרַ֥ע	advmod	now
17	נָרַ֥ע	רָעַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=1	10 בָּֽא־	parataxis	we will do harm
18	ל	לְ	ADP	_	19 ְךָ֖	case	to
19	ְךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 נָרַ֥ע	obl	you
20	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	21 הֶ֑ם	case	more
21	הֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 נָרַ֥ע	obl	than them
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יִּפְצְר֨וּ	cc	and
23	יִּפְצְר֨וּ	פָּצַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	conj	they urged
24	בָ	בְּ	ADP	_	26 אִ֤ישׁ	case	(in)
25	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 אִ֤ישׁ	det	the
26	אִ֤ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 יִּפְצְר֨וּ	obl	man
27	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 לוֹט֙	case	(in)
28	לוֹט֙	לוֹט	PROPN	_	26 אִ֤ישׁ	nmod	Lot
29	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	23 יִּפְצְר֨וּ	advmod	exceedingly
30	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	31 יִּגְּשׁ֖וּ	cc	and
31	יִּגְּשׁ֖וּ	נָגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	conj	they approached
32	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	33 שְׁבֹּ֥ר	case	to
33	שְׁבֹּ֥ר	שָׁבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	31 יִּגְּשׁ֖וּ	advcl	break down
34	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	35 דָּֽלֶת	det	the
35	דָּֽלֶת	דֶּלֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	33 שְׁבֹּ֥ר	obj	door
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 דָּֽלֶת	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal
גֶּשׁ־ approach	imperative · qal
יֹּֽאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal
בָּֽא־ he came	qatal · qal	אֶחָד one
גוּר sojourn	infinitive construct · qal	אֶחָד one
יִּשְׁפֹּט he has judged	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶחָד one
נָרַע we will do harm	yiqtol · hiphil
יִּפְצְרוּ they urged	wayyiqtol · qal
יִּגְּשׁוּ they approached	wayyiqtol · qal
שְׁבֹּר break down	infinitive construct · qal		דָּֽלֶת door

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמָרוּ קְרֵב לְהַלָּא וַאֲמָרוּ חַד אֲתָא לְאִתּוֹתָבָא והָא דָיִין דִּינָא כְּעַן נַבְאֵשׁ לָךְ מִדִּילְהוֹן וּתְקִיפוּ בְגַבְרָא בְלוֹט לַחֲדָא וּקְרִיבוּ לְמִתְּבַר דָּשָׁא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they said: 'Stand back.' And they said: 'This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs play the judge; now will we deal worse with thee, than with them.' And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and drew near to break the door.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:466.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.9/