Genesis 22:1 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: God · What happens: come, pass, prove, say, be · To what, where: it, Abraham, I. · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 22:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God — and what happens in the verse to it, Abraham, I., read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְהָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים נִסָּ֖ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃

And it came to pass after these things, that God did prove Abraham, and said unto him: 'Abraham'; and he said: 'Here am I.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֗י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֗י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	אַחַר֙	אַחַר	ADP	_	5 דְּבָרִ֣ים	case	after
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 דְּבָרִ֣ים	det	the
5	דְּבָרִ֣ים	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יְהִ֗י	obl	things
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 אֵ֔לֶּה	det	(the)
7	אֵ֔לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	5 דְּבָרִ֣ים	det	these
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 נִסָּ֖ה	cc	and
9	הָ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אֱלֹהִ֔ים	det	(the)
10	אֱלֹהִ֔ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 נִסָּ֖ה	nsubj	God
11	נִסָּ֖ה	נָסָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he put to the test
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 אַבְרָהָ֑ם	case	(et)
13	אַבְרָהָ֑ם	אַבְרָהָם	PROPN	_	11 נִסָּ֖ה	obj	Abraham
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
15	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he said
16	אֵלָ֔י	אֶל	ADP	_	17 ו	case	to
17	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	him
18	אַבְרָהָ֖ם	אַבְרָהָם	PROPN	_	15 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	O Abraham
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יֹּ֥אמֶר	cc	and
20	יֹּ֥אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he said
21	הִנֵּֽנ	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	20 יֹּ֥אמֶר	ccomp	here
22	ִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 הִנֵּֽנ	nsubj	I [am]
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 ִי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נִסָּה he put to the test	qatal · piel	אֱלֹהִים God	אַבְרָהָם Abraham
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֱלֹהִים God
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְרָהָם Abraham

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַהֲוָה בָּתַר פִּתְגָּמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין וַיְיָ נַסִּי יָת אַבְרָהָם וַאֲמַר לֵהּ אַבְרָהָם וַאֲמַר הָא אֲנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass after these things, that God did prove Abraham, and said unto him: 'Abraham'; and he said: 'Here am I.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:548.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.22.1/