Genesis 37:21 בְּרֵאשִׁית
Who acts: Reuben, us · What happens: hear, deliver, say, let, not take · To what, where: beast, Reuben, hand, us, life · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Genesis 37:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Reuben, us — and what happens in the verse to beast, Reuben, hand, us, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע רְאוּבֵ֔ן וַיַּצִּלֵ֖הוּ מִיָּדָ֑ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א נַכֶּ֖נּוּ נָֽפֶשׁ׃
And Reuben heard it, and delivered him out of their hand; and said: 'Let us not take his life.'
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | cc | and |
| 2 | יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | שָׁמַע | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he heard |
| 3 | רְאוּבֵ֔ן | רְאוּבֵן | PROPN | _ | 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | nsubj | Reuben |
| 4 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 יַּצִּל | cc | and |
| 5 | יַּצִּל | נָצַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | conj | he |
| 6 | ֵ֖הוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 יַּצִּל | obj | rescued him |
| 7 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 8 יָּד | case | from |
| 8 | יָּד | יָד | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 יַּצִּל | obl | hand |
| 9 | ָ֑ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 יָּד | nmod:poss | their |
| 10 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 11 יֹּ֕אמֶר | cc | and |
| 11 | יֹּ֕אמֶר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | conj | he said |
| 12 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 13 נַכּ | advmod | not |
| 13 | נַכּ | נָכָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=1 | 11 יֹּ֕אמֶר | ccomp | let |
| 14 | ֶ֖נּוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 נַכּ | obj | us strike him |
| 15 | נָֽפֶשׁ | נֶפֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 נַכּ | obl | life |
| 16 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 15 נָֽפֶשׁ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- yes
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יִּשְׁמַע he heard | wayyiqtol · qal | רְאוּבֵן Reuben | |||
| יַּצִּל he | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ rescued him | רְאוּבֵן Reuben | ||
| יֹּאמֶר he said | wayyiqtol · qal | רְאוּבֵן Reuben | |||
| not נַכּ let | cohortative · hiphil | ֶנּוּ us strike him | רְאוּבֵן Reuben |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וּשְׁמַע רְאוּבֵן וְשֵׁזְבֵהּ מִידֵיהוֹן וַאֲמַר לָא נִקְטְלִנֵּהּ נְפָשׁ
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1104.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.21/