Genesis 37:22 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Reuben, pit · What happens: say, shed, cast, be, lay, deliver · To what, where: blood, Reuben, pit, wilderness, hand, dreamer · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 37:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Reuben, pit — and what happens in the verse to blood, Reuben, pit, wilderness, hand, dreamer, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֣ם ׀ רְאוּבֵן֮ אַל־תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־דָם֒ הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ אֹת֗וֹ אֶל־הַבּ֤וֹר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְיָ֖ד אַל־תִּשְׁלְחוּ־ב֑וֹ לְמַ֗עַן הַצִּ֤יל אֹתוֹ֙ מִיָּדָ֔ם לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹ אֶל־אָבִֽיו׃

And Reuben said unto them: 'Shed no blood; cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, but lay no hand upon him' — that he might deliver him out of their hand, to restore him to his father.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אֲל	אֶל	ADP	_	4 ֵהֶ֣ם	case	to
4	ֵהֶ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	them
5	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	4 ֵהֶ֣ם	punct
6	רְאוּבֵן֮	רְאוּבֵן	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Reuben
7	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	8 תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־	advmod	do not
8	תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	shed
9	דָם֒	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־	obj	blood
10	הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ	שָׁלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	8 תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־	parataxis	throw
11	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	12 ֗וֹ	case
12	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ	obj	him
13	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	15 בּ֤וֹר	case	into
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 בּ֤וֹר	det	the
15	בּ֤וֹר	בּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ	obl	pit
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 זֶּה֙	det	(the)
17	זֶּה֙	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 בּ֤וֹר	det	this
18	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	21 מִּדְבָּ֔ר	mark	which
19	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 מִּדְבָּ֔ר	case	[is] in
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 מִּדְבָּ֔ר	det	the
21	מִּדְבָּ֔ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 בּ֤וֹר	acl:relcl	wilderness
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 תִּשְׁלְחוּ־	cc	and
23	יָ֖ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 תִּשְׁלְחוּ־	obj	a hand
24	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	25 תִּשְׁלְחוּ־	advmod	do not
25	תִּשְׁלְחוּ־	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	8 תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־	conj	stretch out
26	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	27 ֑וֹ	case	on
27	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 תִּשְׁלְחוּ־	obl	him
28	לְמַ֗עַן	לְמַעַן	SCONJ	_	29 הַצִּ֤יל	mark	so as
29	הַצִּ֤יל	נָצַל	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	advcl	to rescue
30	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	31 וֹ֙	case
31	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 הַצִּ֤יל	obj	him
32	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	33 יָּד	case	from
33	יָּד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 הַצִּ֤יל	obl	hand
34	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 יָּד	nmod:poss	their
35	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	36 הֲשִׁיב	case	to
36	הֲשִׁיב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	29 הַצִּ֤יל	advcl	restore
37	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 הֲשִׁיב	obj	him
38	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	39 אָבִֽי	case	to
39	אָבִֽי	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	36 הֲשִׁיב	obl	father
40	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 אָבִֽי	nmod:poss	his
41	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	40 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben	תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־ shed + הַשְׁלִיכוּ throw + תִּשְׁלְחוּ־ stretch out
not תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־ shed	yiqtol · qal		דָם blood
הַשְׁלִיכוּ throw	imperative · hiphil	וֹ him
not תִּשְׁלְחוּ־ stretch out	jussive · qal		יָד a hand
הַצִּיל to rescue	infinitive construct · hiphil	וֹ him		רְאוּבֵן Reuben
הֲשִׁיב restore	infinitive construct · hiphil	וֹ him		רְאוּבֵן Reuben

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן רְאוּבֵן לָא תוֹשְׁדוּן דְּמָא רְמוֹ יָתֵהּ לְגֻבָּא הָדֵין דִּי בְּמַדְבְּרָא וִידָא לָא תוֹשְׁטוּן בֵּהּ בְּדִיל לְשֵׁיזָבָא יָתֵהּ מִידֵיהוֹן לַאֲתָבוּתֵהּ לְוַת אֲבוּהִי

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Reuben said unto them: 'Shed no blood; cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, but lay no hand upon him' — that he might deliver him out of their hand, to restore him to his father.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1105.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.37.22/