Genesis 38:20 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Judah · What happens: send, receive, not find · To what, where: kid, pledge, hand

This is Genesis 38:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah — and what happens in the verse to kid, pledge, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ׃

And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	יְהוּדָ֜ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	nsubj	Judah
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 גְּדִ֣י	case	(et)
5	גְּדִ֣י	גְּדִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obj	the kid
6	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 עִזִּ֗ים	det	of
7	עִזִּ֗ים	עֵז	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	5 גְּדִ֣י	compound:smixut	the goats
8	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 יַד֙	case	by
9	יַד֙	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obl	the hand
10	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יַד֙	compound:smixut	his friend
11	ֵ֣הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
12	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עֲדֻלָּמִ֔י	det	the
13	עֲדֻלָּמִ֔י	עֲדֻלָּמִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 רֵע	appos	Adullamite
14	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	15 קַ֥חַת	case	to
15	קַ֥חַת	לָקַח	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	advcl	take
16	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 עֵרָב֖וֹן	det	the
17	עֵרָב֖וֹן	עֵרָבוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 קַ֥חַת	obj	pledge
18	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	19 יַּ֣ד	case	from
19	יַּ֣ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 קַ֥חַת	obl	the hand
20	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 אִשָּׁ֑ה	det	of
21	אִשָּׁ֑ה	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 יַּ֣ד	compound:smixut	the woman
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 מְצָא	cc	and
23	לֹ֖א	לֹא	ADV	_	24 מְצָא	advmod	not
24	מְצָא	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	conj	he
25	ָֽהּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 מְצָא	obj	found her
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ָֽהּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah	גְּדִי the kid
קַחַת take	infinitive construct · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah	עֵרָבוֹן pledge
not מְצָא he	qatal · qal	רֵע his friend	ָֽהּ found her

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְשַׁדַּר יְהוּדָה יָת גַּדְיָא בַר עִזֵּי בִּידָא דְרַחֲמֵהּ עֲדֻלָּמָאָה לְמִסַּב מַשְׁכּוֹנָא מִידָא דְאִתְּתָא וְלָא אַשְׁכְּחַהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Judah sent the kid of the goats by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand; but he found her not.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1139.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.20/