Genesis 38:24 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Tamar, harlot, Judah · What happens: come, pass, tell, say, play, be · To what, where: place, Judah, harlot · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 38:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Tamar, harlot, Judah — and what happens in the verse to place, Judah, harlot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִִשְׁלֹ֣שׁחֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֵֽאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃

And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying: 'Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot; and moreover, behold, she is with child by harlotry.' And Judah said: 'Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֣י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֣י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	2 יְהִ֣י	punct
4	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	7 חֳדָשִׁ֗ים	case	about
5	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	7 חֳדָשִׁ֗ים	case
6	ִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 חֳדָשִׁ֗ים	nummod	three
7	חֳדָשִׁ֗ים	חֹדֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יְהִ֣י	obl	months
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יֻּגַּ֨ד	cc	and
9	יֻּגַּ֨ד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֣י	conj	it was told
10	לִֽ	לְ	ADP	_	11 יהוּדָ֤ה	case	to
11	יהוּדָ֤ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	9 יֻּגַּ֨ד	obl	Judah
12	לֵֽ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	14 זָֽנְתָה֙	mark	(cmp)
13	אמֹר֙	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 לֵֽ	fixed
14	זָֽנְתָה֙	זָנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	9 יֻּגַּ֨ד	advcl	she has acted as a prostitute
15	תָּמָ֣ר	תָּמָר	PROPN	_	14 זָֽנְתָה֙	nsubj	Tamar
16	כַּלָּת	כַּלָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 תָּמָ֣ר	appos	daughter-in-law
17	ֶ֔ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 כַּלָּת	nmod:poss	your
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 הִנֵּ֥ה	cc	and
19	גַ֛ם	גַּם	ADV	_	20 הִנֵּ֥ה	advmod	also
20	הִנֵּ֥ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	14 זָֽנְתָה֙	conj	here!
21	הָרָ֖ה	הָרָה	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 זָֽנְתָה֙	parataxis	[she is] pregnant
22	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	23 זְנוּנִ֑ים	case	to
23	זְנוּנִ֑ים	זְנוּנִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	21 הָרָ֖ה	obl	prostitution(s)
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
25	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֣י	conj	he said
26	יְהוּדָ֔ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	25 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Judah
27	הוֹצִיא֖וּ	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	25 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	bring
28	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 הוֹצִיא֖וּ	obj	her out
29	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 תִשָּׂרֵֽף	cc	so
30	תִשָּׂרֵֽף	שָׂרַף	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	27 הוֹצִיא֖וּ	conj	that she may be burned
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 תִשָּׂרֵֽף	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
זָֽנְתָה she has acted as a prostitute	qatal · qal	תָּמָר Tamar
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
הוֹצִיאוּ bring	imperative · hiphil		הָ her out
תִשָּׂרֵֽף that she may be burned	yiqtol · niphal		תָּמָר Tamar

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַהֲוָה כִּתְלָתוּת יַרְחַיָּא וְאִתְחַוָּא לִיהוּדָה לְמֵימַר זַנִּיאַת תָּמָר כַּלְּתָךְ וְאַף הָא מַעַדְּיָא לִזְנוּתָא וַאֲמַר יְהוּדָה אַפְּקוּהַ וְתִתּוֹקָד

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying: 'Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot; and moreover, behold, she is with child by harlotry.' And Judah said: 'Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1143.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.24/