Genesis 38:23 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Judah, harlot, I, thou · What happens: say, let, take, put, send, not find · To what, where: harlot, place, we, kid · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 38:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, harlot, I, thou — and what happens in the verse to harlot, place, we, kid, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֔הּ פֶּ֖ן נִהְיֶ֣ה לָב֑וּז הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ הַגְּדִ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א מְצָאתָֽהּ׃

And Judah said: 'Let her take it, lest we be put to shame; behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוּדָה֙	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	Judah
4	תִּֽקַּֽח־	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	let her take [them]
5	ל	לְ	ADP	_	6 ָ֔הּ	case	for
6	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 תִּֽקַּֽח־	obl	herself
7	פֶּ֖ן	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	10 ב֑וּז	mark	lest
8	נִהְיֶ֣ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	10 ב֑וּז	cop	we should become
9	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	10 ב֑וּז	case	(into)
10	ב֑וּז	בּוּז	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 תִּֽקַּֽח־	advcl	contempt
11	הִנֵּ֤ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	12 שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙	discourse	there!
12	שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	4 תִּֽקַּֽח־	parataxis	I sent
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 גְּדִ֣י	det	the
14	גְּדִ֣י	גְּדִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙	obj	kid
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 זֶּ֔ה	det	(the)
16	זֶּ֔ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 גְּדִ֣י	det	this
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 מְצָאתָֽ	cc	and
18	אַתָּ֖ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 מְצָאתָֽ	nsubj	you
19	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	20 מְצָאתָֽ	advmod	not
20	מְצָאתָֽ	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	12 שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙	conj	you
21	הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 מְצָאתָֽ	obj	found her
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 הּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
תִּֽקַּֽח־ let her take [them]	yiqtol · qal
נִהְיֶה we should become	yiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
שָׁלַחְתִּי I sent	qatal · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah	גְּדִי kid
not מְצָאתָֽ you	qatal · qal	אַתָּה you	הּ found her

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר יְהוּדָה תִּסַּב לַהּ דִילְמָא נְהֵי לְחוֹךְ הָא שַׁדָּרִית גַּדְיָא הָדֵין וְאַתְּ לָא אַשְׁכְּחִתַּהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Judah said: 'Let her take it, lest we be put to shame; behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1142.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.38.23/