Genesis 4:2 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Eve, Abel, Cain · What happens: bear, be · To what, where: brother, keeper, tiller

This is Genesis 4:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Eve, Abel, Cain — and what happens in the verse to brother, keeper, tiller, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּ֣סֶף לָלֶ֔דֶת אֶת־אָחִ֖יו אֶת־הָ֑בֶל וַֽיְהִי־הֶ֙בֶל֙ רֹ֣עֵה צֹ֔אן וְקַ֕יִן הָיָ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ד אֲדָמָֽה׃

And again she bore his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּ֣סֶף	cc	and
2	תֹּ֣סֶף	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she repeated
3	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	4 לֶ֔דֶת	case	to
4	לֶ֔דֶת	יָלַד	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 תֹּ֣סֶף	xcomp	give birth to
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 אָחִ֖י	case	(et)
6	אָחִ֖י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 לֶ֔דֶת	obj	brother
7	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 אָחִ֖י	nmod:poss	his
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 הָ֑בֶל	case	(et)
9	הָ֑בֶל	הֶבֶל	PROPN	_	6 אָחִ֖י	appos	Abel
10	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 רֹ֣עֵה	cc	and
11	יְהִי־	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	13 רֹ֣עֵה	cop	he was
12	הֶ֙בֶל֙	הֶבֶל	PROPN	_	13 רֹ֣עֵה	nsubj	Abel
13	רֹ֣עֵה	רָעָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 תֹּ֣סֶף	conj	a herdsman
14	צֹ֔אן	צֹאן	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 רֹ֣עֵה	compound:smixut	of sheep
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 עֹבֵ֥ד	cc	and
16	קַ֕יִן	קַיִן	PROPN	_	18 עֹבֵ֥ד	nsubj	Cain
17	הָיָ֖ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 עֹבֵ֥ד	cop	he was
18	עֹבֵ֥ד	עָבַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 תֹּ֣סֶף	conj	[one who] tilled
19	אֲדָמָֽה	אֲדָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 עֹבֵ֥ד	compound:smixut	[the] ground
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 אֲדָמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֹּסֶף she repeated	wayyiqtol · hiphil
לֶדֶת give birth to	infinitive construct · qal		אָחִי brother
יְהִי־ he was	wayyiqtol · qal	הֶבֶל Abel
רֹעֵה a herdsman	participle active · qal	הֶבֶל Abel	צֹאן of sheep
הָיָה he was	qatal · qal	קַיִן Cain
עֹבֵד [one who] tilled	participle active · qal	קַיִן Cain	אֲדָמָֽה [the] ground

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְאוֹסִיפַת לְמֵילַד יָת אֲחוֹהִי יָת הָבֶל וַהֲוָה הֶבֶל רָעֵי עָנָא וְקַיִן הֲוָה פָלַח בְּאַרְעָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:81.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.4.2/