Genesis 42:16 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: you, brother, truth, Pharaoh, ye, your · What happens: send, let, fetch, bind, prove, be · To what, where: one, brother, ye, words, spies

This is Genesis 42:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, brother, truth, Pharaoh, ye, your — and what happens in the verse to one, brother, ye, words, spies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

שִׁלְח֨וּ מִכֶּ֣ם אֶחָד֮ וְיִקַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲחִיכֶם֒ וְאַתֶּם֙ הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ וְיִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙ דִּבְרֵיכֶ֔ם הַֽאֱמֶ֖ת אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְאִם־לֹ֕א חֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֥י מְרַגְּלִ֖ים אַתֶּֽם׃

Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be bound, that your words may be proved, whether there be truth in you; or else, as Pharaoh liveth, surely ye are spies.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	שִׁלְח֨וּ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	send
2	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	3 כֶּ֣ם	case	of
3	כֶּ֣ם	מִן	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	obl	yourselves
4	אֶחָד֮	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	obj	one
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יִקַּ֣ח	cc	so
6	יִקַּ֣ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	conj	that he may fetch
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 אֲחִי	case	(et)
8	אֲחִי	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יִקַּ֣ח	obj	brother
9	כֶם֒	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 אֲחִי	nmod:poss	your
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ	cc	and
11	אַתֶּם֙	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ	nsubj	you
12	הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ	אָסַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=2	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	conj	be imprisoned
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙	cc	so
14	יִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙	בָּחַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	conj	that they may be tested
15	דִּבְרֵי	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 יִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙	nsubj	words
16	כֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 דִּבְרֵי	nmod:poss	your
17	הַֽ	הֲ	PART	_	20 ְכֶ֑ם	advmod	[is]
18	אֱמֶ֖ת	אֱמֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 ְכֶ֑ם	nsubj	truth?
19	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	20 ְכֶ֑ם	case	with
20	ְכֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	parataxis	you
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 מְרַגְּלִ֖ים	cc	and
22	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	23 לֹ֕א	mark	if
23	לֹ֕א	לֹא	ADV	_	27 מְרַגְּלִ֖ים	advcl	not
24	חֵ֣י	חַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 מְרַגְּלִ֖ים	parataxis	[by] the life
25	פַרְעֹ֔ה	פַּרְעֹה	PROPN	_	24 חֵ֣י	nsubj	of Pharaoh
26	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	27 מְרַגְּלִ֖ים	mark	(dm)
27	מְרַגְּלִ֖ים	רָגַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur	1 שִׁלְח֨וּ	conj	[are] spies
28	אַתֶּֽם	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	27 מְרַגְּלִ֖ים	nsubj	you
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 אַתֶּֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שִׁלְחוּ send	imperative · qal		אֶחָד one
יִקַּח that he may fetch	yiqtol · qal	אֶחָד one	אֲחִי brother
הֵאָסְרוּ be imprisoned	imperative · niphal		אַתֶּם you
יִבָּֽחֲנוּ that they may be tested	yiqtol · niphal		דִּבְרֵי words
not מְרַגְּלִים [are] spies	participle active · piel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

שְׁלָחוּ מִנְּכוֹן חַד וְיִדְבַּר יָת אֲחוּכוֹן וְאַתּוּן תִּתְאַסְרוּן וְיִתְבַּחֲרוּן פִּתְגָּמֵיכוֹן הַקְּשׁוֹטּ אַתּוּן אָמְרִין וְאִם לָא חֵי פַרְעֹה אֲרֵי אַלִּילֵי אַתּוּן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be bound, that your words may be proved, whether there be truth in you; or else, as Pharaoh liveth, surely ye are spies.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1268.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.16/