Genesis 42:31 בְּרֵאשִׁית
Who acts: we · What happens: say, be · To what, where: upright men, spies · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Genesis 42:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we — and what happens in the verse to upright men, spies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַנֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו כֵּנִ֣ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ לֹ֥א הָיִ֖ינוּ מְרַגְּלִֽים׃
And we said unto him: We are upright men; we are no spies.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 נֹּ֥אמֶר | cc | and |
| 2 | נֹּ֥אמֶר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | root | root | we said |
| 3 | אֵלָ֖י | אֶל | ADP | _ | 4 ו | case | to |
| 4 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 נֹּ֥אמֶר | obl | him |
| 5 | כֵּנִ֣ים | כֵּן | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 נֹּ֥אמֶר | ccomp | [are] honest |
| 6 | אֲנָ֑חְנוּ | אֲנַחְנוּ | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 כֵּנִ֣ים | nsubj | we |
| 7 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 9 מְרַגְּלִֽים | advmod | not |
| 8 | הָיִ֖ינוּ | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 9 מְרַגְּלִֽים | cop | we are |
| 9 | מְרַגְּלִֽים | רָגַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur | 5 כֵּנִ֣ים | parataxis | spies |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 מְרַגְּלִֽים | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- yes
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נֹּאמֶר we said | wayyiqtol · qal | ||||
| הָיִינוּ we are | qatal · qal | ||||
| not מְרַגְּלִֽים spies | participle active · piel |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַרְנָא לֵהּ כֵּיוָנֵי אֲנָחְנָא לָא הֲוֵינָא אַלִּילֵי
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1283.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.31/