Genesis 42:37 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Reuben, Thou, I · What happens: speak, say, slay, not bring, deliver, bring back · To what, where: two sons, Reuben, thee, hand · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 42:37 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Reuben, Thou, I — and what happens in the verse to two sons, Reuben, thee, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנַי֙ תָּמִ֔ית אִם־לֹ֥א אֲבִיאֶ֖נּוּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ תְּנָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־יָדִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃

And Reuben spoke unto his father, saying: 'Thou shalt slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee; deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him back to thee.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	רְאוּבֵן֙	רְאוּבֵן	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	Reuben
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 אָבִ֣י	case	to
5	אָבִ֣י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	father
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 אָבִ֣י	nmod:poss	his
7	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	13 תָּמִ֔ית	mark	(cmp)
8	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	7 לֵ	fixed
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 בָנ	case	(et)
10	שְׁנֵ֤י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	11 בָנ	nummod	two
11	בָנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 תָּמִ֔ית	obj	my sons
12	ַי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 בָנ	nmod:poss	my
13	תָּמִ֔ית	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	you will kill
14	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	16 אֲבִיא	mark	if
15	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	16 אֲבִיא	advmod	not
16	אֲבִיא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	13 תָּמִ֔ית	parataxis	I
17	ֶ֖נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 אֲבִיא	obj	will bring him
18	אֵלֶ֑י	אֶל	ADP	_	19 ךָ	case	to
19	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 אֲבִיא	obl	you
20	תְּנ	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	13 תָּמִ֔ית	parataxis	put
21	ָ֤ה	ה	X	_	20 תְּנ	nmod
22	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	23 וֹ֙	case
23	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 תְּנ	obj	him
24	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	25 יָד	case	on
25	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 תְּנ	obl	hand
26	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	25 יָד	nmod:poss	my
27	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 אֲשִׁיב	cc	and
28	אֲנִ֖י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	29 אֲשִׁיב	nsubj	I
29	אֲשִׁיב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	20 תְּנ	conj	I
30	ֶ֥נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 אֲשִׁיב	obj	will bring him back
31	אֵלֶֽי	אֶל	ADP	_	32 ךָ	case	to
32	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	29 אֲשִׁיב	obl	you
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
indirect: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	רְאוּבֵן Reuben
תָּמִית you will kill	yiqtol · hiphil	בָנ my sons		אָבִי father
not אֲבִיא I	yiqtol · hiphil	ֶנּוּ will bring him		רְאוּבֵן Reuben
תְּנ put	imperative · qal	אָבִי father	וֹ him
אֲשִׁיב I	yiqtol · hiphil	ֶנּוּ will bring him back		אֲנִי I

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר רְאוּבֵן לְוַת אֲבוּהִי לְמֵימַר יָת תְּרֵין בְּנַי תְּמִית אִם לָא אַיְתִנֵּהּ לְוָתָךְ הַב יָתֵהּ עַל יְדִי וַאֲנָא אֲתֵבִנֵּהּ לָךְ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Reuben spoke unto his father, saying: 'Thou shalt slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee; deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him back to thee.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1289.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.42.37/