Genesis 44:22 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: we, lad, lord, father · What happens: say, not leave, leave, die · To what, where: father · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 44:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, lad, lord, father — and what happens in the verse to father, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל הַנַּ֖עַר לַעֲזֹ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֑יו וְעָזַ֥ב אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וָמֵֽת׃

And we said unto my lord: The lad cannot leave his father; for if he should leave his father, his father would die.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
2	נֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we said
3	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	4 אֲדֹנ	case	to
4	אֲדֹנ	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נֹּ֙אמֶר֙	obl	lord
5	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	my
6	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	7 יוּכַ֥ל	advmod	not
7	יוּכַ֥ל	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 נֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	he will be able
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 נַּ֖עַר	det	the young
9	נַּ֖עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יוּכַ֥ל	nsubj	man
10	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	11 עֲזֹ֣ב	case	to
11	עֲזֹ֣ב	עָזַב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	7 יוּכַ֥ל	xcomp	leave
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 אָבִ֑י	case	(et)
13	אָבִ֑י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 עֲזֹ֣ב	obj	father
14	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אָבִ֑י	nmod:poss	his
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 עָזַ֥ב	cc	and
16	עָזַ֥ב	עָזַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 יוּכַ֥ל	conj	he will leave
17	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 אָבִ֖י	case	(et)
18	אָבִ֖י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 עָזַ֥ב	obj	father
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 אָבִ֖י	nmod:poss	his
20	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 מֵֽת	cc	and
21	מֵֽת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 יוּכַ֥ל	conj	he will die
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 מֵֽת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נֹּאמֶר we said	wayyiqtol · qal
not יוּכַל he will be able	yiqtol · qal	נַּעַר man
עֲזֹב leave	infinitive construct · qal	נַּעַר man	אָבִי father
עָזַב he will leave	weqatal · qal	נַּעַר man	אָבִי father
מֵֽת he will die	weqatal · qal	אָבִי father

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַרְנָא לְרִבּוֹנִי לָא יִכּוּל עוּלֵימָא לְמִשְׁבַּק יָת אֲבוּהִי וְאִם יִשְׁבּוֹק יָת אֲבוּהִי וּמִית

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And we said unto my lord: The lad cannot leave his father; for if he should leave his father, his father would die.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1346.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.22/