Genesis 9:23 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Shem, faces · What happens: take, lay, go, cover, be, not see · To what, where: garment, shoulders, nakedness

This is Genesis 9:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Shem, faces — and what happens in the verse to garment, shoulders, nakedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקַּח֩ שֵׁ֨ם וָיֶ֜פֶת אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֗ה וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־שְׁכֶ֣ם שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וַיְכַסּ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶם֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃

And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקַּח֩	cc	and
2	יִּקַּח֩	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he took
3	שֵׁ֨ם	שֵׁם	PROPN	_	2 יִּקַּח֩	nsubj	Shem
4	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 יֶ֜פֶת	cc	and
5	יֶ֜פֶת	יֶפֶת	PROPN	_	3 שֵׁ֨ם	conj	Japheth
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 שִּׂמְלָ֗ה	case	(et)
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 שִּׂמְלָ֗ה	det	the
8	שִּׂמְלָ֗ה	שִׂמְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּקַּח֩	obj	garment
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙	cc	and
10	יָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקַּח֩	conj	they put [it]
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 שְׁכֶ֣ם	case	on
12	שְׁכֶ֣ם	שְׁכֶם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙	obl	the shoulder
13	שְׁנֵי	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	14 הֶ֔ם	nummod	of
14	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 שְׁכֶ֣ם	compound:smixut	both of them
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יֵּֽלְכוּ֙	cc	and
16	יֵּֽלְכוּ֙	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקַּח֩	conj	they walked
17	אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית	אֲחֹרַנִּית	ADV	_	16 יֵּֽלְכוּ֙	advmod	backwards
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יְכַסּ֕וּ	cc	and
19	יְכַסּ֕וּ	כָּסָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקַּח֩	conj	they covered
20	אֵ֖ת	אֵת	ADP	_	21 עֶרְוַ֣ת	case	(et)
21	עֶרְוַ֣ת	עֶרְוָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 יְכַסּ֕וּ	obj	the nakedness
22	אֲבִי	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 עֶרְוַ֣ת	compound:smixut	their father
23	הֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 אֲבִי	nmod:poss	their
24	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית	cc	and
25	פְנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית	nsubj	faces
26	הֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 פְנֵי	nmod:poss	their
27	אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית	אֲחֹרַנִּית	ADV	_	2 יִּקַּח֩	conj	[were] backwards
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 רָאֽוּ	cc	and
29	עֶרְוַ֥ת	עֶרְוָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	33 רָאֽוּ	obj	the nakedness
30	אֲבִי	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 עֶרְוַ֥ת	compound:smixut	their father
31	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 אֲבִי	nmod:poss	their
32	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	33 רָאֽוּ	advmod	not
33	רָאֽוּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקַּח֩	conj	they saw
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 רָאֽוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal	שֵׁם Shem + יֶפֶת Japheth	שִּׂמְלָה garment
יָּשִׂימוּ they put [it]	wayyiqtol · qal	שֵׁם Shem + יֶפֶת Japheth
יֵּֽלְכוּ they walked	wayyiqtol · qal	שֵׁם Shem + יֶפֶת Japheth
יְכַסּוּ they covered	wayyiqtol · piel	שֵׁם Shem + יֶפֶת Japheth	עֶרְוַת the nakedness
not רָאֽוּ they saw	qatal · qal	שֵׁם Shem + יֶפֶת Japheth	עֶרְוַת the nakedness

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּנְסֵיב שֵׁם וָיֶפֶת יָת כְּסוּתָא וְשַׁוִּיוּ עַל כְּתַף תַּרְוֵיהוֹן וַאֲזָלוּ מְחַזְרִין וַחֲפִיאוּ יָת עֶרְיְתָא דַּאֲבוּהוֹן וְאַפֵּיהוֹן מְחַזְרִין וְעֶרְיְתָא דַּאֲבוּהוֹן לָא חֲזוֹ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:228.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.23/