Genesis 9:22 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Ham · What happens: see, tell · To what, where: nakedness, two brethren · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 9:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ham — and what happens in the verse to nakedness, two brethren, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֗רְא חָ֚ם אֲבִ֣י כְנַ֔עַן אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יו וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לִשְׁנֵֽי־אֶחָ֖יו בַּחֽוּץ׃

And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֗רְא	cc	and
2	יַּ֗רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he saw
3	חָ֚ם	חָם	PROPN	_	2 יַּ֗רְא	nsubj	Ham
4	אֲבִ֣י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 חָ֚ם	appos	the father
5	כְנַ֔עַן	כְּנַעַן	PROPN	_	4 אֲבִ֣י	compound:smixut	of Canaan
6	אֵ֖ת	אֵת	ADP	_	7 עֶרְוַ֣ת	case	(et)
7	עֶרְוַ֣ת	עֶרְוָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יַּ֗רְא	obj	the nakedness
8	אָבִ֑י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 עֶרְוַ֣ת	compound:smixut	his father
9	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 אָבִ֑י	nmod:poss	his
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יַּגֵּ֥ד	cc	and
11	יַּגֵּ֥ד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֗רְא	conj	he told
12	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	14 אֶחָ֖י	case	to
13	שְׁנֵֽי־	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	14 אֶחָ֖י	nummod	the two
14	אֶחָ֖י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 יַּגֵּ֥ד	obl	brothers
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 אֶחָ֖י	nmod:poss	his
16	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 חֽוּץ	case	on
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 חֽוּץ	det	the
18	חֽוּץ	חוּץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יַּגֵּ֥ד	obl	outside
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 חֽוּץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	חָם Ham	עֶרְוַת the nakedness
יַּגֵּד he told	wayyiqtol · hiphil	חָם Ham

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַחֲזָא חָם אֲבוּהִי דִּכְנַעַן יָת עֶרְיְתָא דַּאֲבוּהִי וְחַוֵּי לִתְרֵין אֲחוֹהִי בְּשׁוּקָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:227.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.22/