Leviticus 18:23 וַיִּקְרָא

Who acts: thou, woman, beast · What happens: not lie, defile, stand, lie down, be · To what, where: thyself, beast, perversion

This is Leviticus 18:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, woman, beast — and what happens in the verse to thyself, beast, perversion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּבְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֛ה לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְטָמְאָה־בָ֑הּ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה לֹֽא־תַעֲמֹ֞ד לִפְנֵ֧י בְהֵמָ֛ה לְרִבְעָ֖הּ תֶּ֥בֶל הֽוּא׃

And thou shalt not lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith; neither shall any woman stand before a beast, to lie down thereto; it is perversion.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	cc	and
2	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	3 כָל־	case	in
3	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	obl	any
4	בְּהֵמָ֛ה	בְּהֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 כָל־	compound:smixut	animal
5	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	advmod	not
6	תִתֵּ֥ן	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	you will give
7	שְׁכָבְתּ	שְׁכֹבֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	obj	copulation
8	ְךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 שְׁכָבְתּ	nmod:poss	your
9	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	10 טָמְאָה־	case	to
10	טָמְאָה־	טָמֵא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	xcomp	be unclean
11	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	12 ָ֑הּ	case	by
12	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 טָמְאָה־	obl	it
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 תַעֲמֹ֞ד	cc	and
14	אִשָּׁ֗ה	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 תַעֲמֹ֞ד	nsubj	a woman
15	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	16 תַעֲמֹ֞ד	advmod	not
16	תַעֲמֹ֞ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	conj	she will stand
17	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	18 פְנֵ֧י	case	before
18	פְנֵ֧י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 תַעֲמֹ֞ד	obl
19	בְהֵמָ֛ה	בְּהֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 פְנֵ֧י	compound:smixut	an animal
20	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	21 רִבְע	case	to
21	רִבְע	רָבַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	16 תַעֲמֹ֞ד	advcl	lie
22	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 רִבְע	advmod	with it
23	תֶּ֥בֶל	תֶּבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 תִתֵּ֥ן	parataxis	[is] confusion
24	הֽוּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 תֶּ֥בֶל	nsubj	it
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 הֽוּא	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not תִתֵּן you will give	yiqtol · qal		שְׁכָבְתּ copulation
טָמְאָה־ be unclean	infinitive construct · qal
not תַעֲמֹד she will stand	yiqtol · qal	אִשָּׁה a woman
רִבְע lie	infinitive construct · qal	אִשָּׁה a woman

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּבְכָל בְּעִירָא לָא תִתֵּן שְׁכֻבְתָּךְ לְאִסְתָּאָבָא בָהּ וְאִתְּתָא לָא תְקוּם קֳדָם בְּעִירָא לְמִשְׁלַט בָּהּ תִּבְלָא הוּא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And thou shalt not lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith; neither shall any woman stand before a beast, to lie down thereto; it is perversion.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:528.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.23/