Leviticus 18:24 וַיִּקְרָא

Who acts: ye, I · What happens: not defile, defile, cast out · To what, where: yourselves, any, nations, these

This is Leviticus 18:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, any, nations, these, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכָל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃

Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things; for in all these the nations are defiled, which I cast out from before you.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	2 תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ	advmod	do not
2	תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ	טָמֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	make yourselves unclean
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 כָל־	case	by
4	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ	obl	all
5	אֵ֑לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	4 כָל־	det	these [things]
6	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	10 נִטְמְא֣וּ	mark	(dm)
7	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 כָל־	case	by
8	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 נִטְמְא֣וּ	obl	all
9	אֵ֙לֶּה֙	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 כָל־	det	these [things]
10	נִטְמְא֣וּ	טָמֵא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ	advcl	they have made themselves unclean
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 גּוֹיִ֔ם	det	the
12	גּוֹיִ֔ם	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 נִטְמְא֣וּ	nsubj	nations
13	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	15 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	mark	which
14	אֲנִ֥י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	nsubj	I
15	מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	12 גּוֹיִ֔ם	acl:relcl	[am] about to send away
16	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	17 פְּנֵי	case	from
17	פְּנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	obl	before
18	כֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 פְּנֵי	nmod:poss	you
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 כֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not תִּֽטַּמְּאוּ make yourselves unclean	jussive · hithpael
נִטְמְאוּ they have made themselves unclean	qatal · niphal	גּוֹיִם nations
מְשַׁלֵּחַ [am] about to send away	participle active · piel	אֲנִי I	גּוֹיִם nations

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

לָא תִסְתַּאֲבוּן בְּכָל אִלֵין אֲרֵי בְּכָל אִלֵין אִסְתַּאָבוּ עַמְמַיָא דִי אֲנָא מַגְלֵי מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things; for in all these the nations are defiled, which I cast out from before you.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:529.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.24/