Leviticus 20:21 וַיִּקְרָא
Who acts: man, nakedness, father · What happens: take, be, uncover · To what, where: wife, impurity, nakedness
This is Leviticus 20:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, nakedness, father — and what happens in the verse to wife, impurity, nakedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִקַּ֛ח אֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יו נִדָּ֣ה הִ֑וא עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֛יו גִּלָּ֖ה עֲרִירִ֥ים יִהְיֽוּ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 9 נִדָּ֣ה | cc | and |
| 2 | אִ֗ישׁ | אִישׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 נִדָּ֣ה | dislocated | a man |
| 3 | אֲשֶׁ֥ר | אֲשֶׁר | SCONJ | _ | 4 יִקַּ֛ח | mark | who |
| 4 | יִקַּ֛ח | לָקַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 אִ֗ישׁ | acl:relcl | he will take |
| 5 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 6 אֵ֥שֶׁת | case | (et) |
| 6 | אֵ֥שֶׁת | אִשָּׁה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 4 יִקַּ֛ח | obj | the wife |
| 7 | אָחִ֖י | אָח | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 אֵ֥שֶׁת | compound:smixut | his brother |
| 8 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 אָחִ֖י | nmod:poss | his |
| 9 | נִדָּ֣ה | נִדָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | root | root | [is] impurity |
| 10 | הִ֑וא | הִיא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 נִדָּ֣ה | nsubj | it |
| 11 | עֶרְוַ֥ת | עֶרְוָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 14 גִּלָּ֖ה | obj | the nakedness |
| 12 | אָחִ֛י | אָח | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 עֶרְוַ֥ת | compound:smixut | his brother |
| 13 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 אָחִ֛י | nmod:poss | his |
| 14 | גִּלָּ֖ה | גָּלָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3 | 9 נִדָּ֣ה | parataxis | he has uncovered |
| 15 | עֲרִירִ֥ים | עֲרִירִי | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 9 נִדָּ֣ה | parataxis | childless |
| 16 | יִהְיֽוּ | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 15 עֲרִירִ֥ים | cop | they will be |
| 17 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 16 יִהְיֽוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יִקַּח he will take | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ a man | אֵשֶׁת the wife | ||
| גִּלָּה he has uncovered | qatal · piel | אִישׁ a man | עֶרְוַת the nakedness | ||
| יִהְיֽוּ they will be | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ a man + אֵשֶׁת the wife |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וּגְבַר דִי יִסַב יָת אִתַּת אֲחוּהִי מְרָחָקָא הִיא עֶרְיְתָא דַאֲחוּהִי גַלִי בְּלָא וְלָד יְהוֹן
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:593.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.21/