Numbers 13:31 בְּמִדְבַּר

Who acts: men, We · What happens: go up, say, not be, be · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Numbers 13:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, We — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהָ֨אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־עָל֤וּ עִמּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לַעֲל֣וֹת אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָזָ֥ק ה֖וּא מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃

But the men that went up with him said: 'We are not able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 אָֽמְר֔וּ	cc	and
2	הָ֨	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 אֲנָשִׁ֜ים	det	the
3	אֲנָשִׁ֜ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 אָֽמְר֔וּ	nsubj	men
4	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	5 עָל֤וּ	mark	who
5	עָל֤וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 אֲנָשִׁ֜ים	acl:relcl	they had gone up
6	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	7 וֹ֙	case	with
7	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 עָל֤וּ	obl	him
8	אָֽמְר֔וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they said
9	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	10 נוּכַ֖ל	advmod	not
10	נוּכַ֖ל	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	8 אָֽמְר֔וּ	ccomp	we are able
11	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	12 עֲל֣וֹת	case	to
12	עֲל֣וֹת	עָלָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	10 נוּכַ֖ל	xcomp	go up
13	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	15 עָ֑ם	case	against
14	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 עָ֑ם	det	the
15	עָ֑ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 עֲל֣וֹת	obl	people
16	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	17 חָזָ֥ק	mark	(dm)
17	חָזָ֥ק	חָזָק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 נוּכַ֖ל	parataxis	[is] strong
18	ה֖וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 חָזָ֥ק	nsubj	it
19	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	20 ֶֽנּוּ	case	more
20	ֶֽנּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 חָזָ֥ק	obl	than us
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 ֶֽנּוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
עָלוּ they had gone up	qatal · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
אָֽמְרוּ they said	qatal · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
not נוּכַל we are able	yiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
עֲלוֹת go up	infinitive construct · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְגֻבְרַיָא דִי סְלִיקוּ עִמֵהּ אֲמָרוּ לָא נֵיכוֹל לְמֵיסַק לְוַת עַמָא אֲרֵי תַּקִיף הוּא מִנָנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But the men that went up with him said: 'We are not able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NUM:501.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.31/