Exodus 1:14 · JPS 1917
And they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field; in all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigour.
Who acts: children, lives · What happens: make, serve, service · To what, where: lives, mortar
This is Exodus 1:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, lives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 made | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 lives | nmod:poss |
| 5 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | obj |
| 6 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 made | xcomp |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 service | case |
| 8 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 service | amod |
| 9 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 mortar | punct |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 mortar | case |
| 12 | mortar | mortar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 brick | cc |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 brick | case |
| 15 | brick | brick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 mortar | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 manner | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 manner | cc |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 manner | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 manner | det |
| 20 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 service | case |
| 22 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 manner | nmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 field | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 field | det |
| 25 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 service | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 service | punct |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 service | case |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 service | det:predet |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 service | nmod:poss |
| 30 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 made | punct |
| 32 | wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 made | advmod |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 made | nsubj |
| 34 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 service | acl:relcl |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 made | obj |
| 36 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 made | xcomp |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 rigour | case |
| 38 | rigour | rigour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 serve | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | children = child | children's lives | mortar and brick | with hard service; in all manner of service in the field; in children's service; bitter property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset life=Product | ||
| 2 | make | past | children = child | lives = life | wherein property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | serve | infinitive | lives = life not said here | with rigour | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with rigour=Theme | ||||
| 4 | service | children = child | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃
Exodus 1:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:15 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.15/