Exodus 18:18 · JPS 1917
Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee; for the thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone.
Who acts: Thou, people, thing · What happens: wear away, be, not be, perform · To what, where: thing
This is Exodus 18:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, people, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 wear | nsubj |
| 2 | wilt | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 wear | aux |
| 3 | surely | surely | ADV | _ | 4 wear | advmod |
| 4 | wear | wear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | away | away | ADP | _ | 4 wear | compound:prt |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 thou | punct |
| 7 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 8 thou | cc:preconj |
| 8 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 1 Thou | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 people | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 people | cc |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 people | det |
| 12 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 thou | conj |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 thee | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 thee | cop |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 thee | case |
| 16 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 12 people | acl:relcl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 heavy | punct |
| 18 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 23 heavy | mark |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 thing | det |
| 20 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 heavy | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 heavy | cop |
| 22 | too | too | ADV | _ | 23 heavy | advmod |
| 23 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 wear | advcl |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 thee | case |
| 25 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 heavy | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 able | punct |
| 27 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 able | nsubj |
| 28 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 able | cop |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 able | advmod |
| 30 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 wear | parataxis |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 perform | mark |
| 32 | perform | perform | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 able | xcomp |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 perform | obj |
| 34 | thyself | thyself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes Style=Arch | 32 perform | obl |
| 35 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 32 perform | advmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wear | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- warn
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=warn, polarity=neg
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear away | future | Thou | surely property | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | this people | with thee | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the thing | for thee; heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not is | present | thou | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | perform | to-infinitive | thou not said here | thing | thyself obl; alone property | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם־אַתָּ֕ה גַּם־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֤ד מִמְּךָ֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃
Exodus 18:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:518 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.518/