Exodus 18:18 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: Thou, people, thing · What happens: wear away, be, not be, perform · To what, where: thing

This is Exodus 18:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, people, thing — and what happens in the verse to thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם־אַתָּ֕ה גַּם־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֤ד מִמְּךָ֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃

Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee; for the thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	נָבֹ֣ל	נָבֵל	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 תִּבֹּ֔ל	obl:npmod	surely (wear out)
2	תִּבֹּ֔ל	נָבֵל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	you will wear yourself out
3	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	4 אַתָּ֕ה	advmod	both
4	אַתָּ֕ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 תִּבֹּ֔ל	nsubj	you
5	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	7 עָ֥ם	advmod	as well as
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 עָ֥ם	det	the
7	עָ֥ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אַתָּ֕ה	conj	people
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 זֶּ֖ה	det	(the)
9	זֶּ֖ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 עָ֥ם	det	this
10	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	12 ָ֑ךְ	mark	which
11	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	12 ָ֑ךְ	case	[is] with
12	ָ֑ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 עָ֥ם	acl:relcl	you
13	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 כָבֵ֤ד	mark	(dm)
14	כָבֵ֤ד	כָּבֵד	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תִּבֹּ֔ל	advcl	[is too] heavy
15	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	16 ְךָ֙	case	for
16	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 כָבֵ֤ד	obl	you
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 דָּבָ֔ר	det	the
18	דָּבָ֔ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָבֵ֤ד	nsubj	thing
19	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	20 תוּכַ֥ל	advmod	not
20	תוּכַ֥ל	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 תִּבֹּ֔ל	parataxis	you are able
21	עֲשׂ	עָשָׂה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	20 תוּכַ֥ל	ccomp	to
22	ֹ֖הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 עֲשׂ	obj	do it
23	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	24 בַדּ	case	you
24	בַדּ	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 עֲשׂ	obl
25	ֶֽךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 בַדּ	nmod:poss	alone
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ֶֽךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תִּבֹּל you will wear yourself out	yiqtol · qal	אַתָּה you + עָם people
not תוּכַל you are able	yiqtol · qal		עֲשׂ to
עֲשׂ to	infinitive construct · qal		ֹהוּ do it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

מִלְאָה תִלְאֶה אַף אַתְּ אַף עַמָא הָדֵין דִעִמָךְ אֲרֵי יַקִיר מִנָךְ פִּתְגָמָא לָא תִכּוֹל לְמֶעְבְּדֵהּ בִּלְחוֹדָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee; for the thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:484.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.18/