Exodus 19:16 · JPS 1917
And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled.
Who acts: mount, thunders, horn, people · What happens: come, pass, be, exceed, tremble · To what, where: mount, morning, camp
This is Exodus 19:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mount, thunders, horn, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | expl |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | csubj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 day | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 day | det |
| 8 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 day | amod |
| 9 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pass | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 morning | punct |
| 11 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 14 morning | mark |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 morning | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 morning | cop |
| 14 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pass | advcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 were | punct |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 were | mark |
| 17 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 18 were | expl |
| 18 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | ccomp |
| 19 | thunders | thunder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 were | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 lightnings | cc |
| 21 | lightnings | lightning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 thunders | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 cloud | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cloud | det |
| 24 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 cloud | amod |
| 25 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 thunders | conj |
| 26 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 28 mount | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 mount | det |
| 28 | mount | mount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cloud | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 voice | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 voice | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 voice | det |
| 32 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 thunders | conj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 horn | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 horn | det |
| 35 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 voice | nmod |
| 36 | exceeding | exceed | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 horn | acl |
| 37 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 exceeding | xcomp |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 trembled | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 trembled | cc |
| 40 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 people | det:predet |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 people | det |
| 42 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 trembled | nsubj |
| 43 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 camp | nsubj |
| 44 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 camp | cop |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 camp | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 camp | det |
| 47 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 people | acl:relcl |
| 48 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | mount | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | day | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | mount | morning | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | past | thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount and the voice of a horn | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | exceed | gerund | a horn not said here | loud property | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 6 | is | past | all people | the camp | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | tremble | past | all people | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃
Exodus 19:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:544 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.544/