Exodus 19:16 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: mount, thunders, horn, people · What happens: come, pass, be, exceed, tremble · To what, where: mount, morning, camp

This is Exodus 19:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mount, thunders, horn, people — and what happens in the verse to mount, morning, camp, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִי֩	cc	and
2	יְהִי֩	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 יּ֨וֹם	case	on
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 יּ֨וֹם	det	the
5	יּ֨וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְהִי֩	obl	day
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י	det	(the)
7	שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י	שְׁלִישִׁי	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יּ֨וֹם	nummod	third
8	בִּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 הְיֹ֣ת	case	when
9	הְיֹ֣ת	הָיָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יְהִי֩	advcl	came
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 בֹּ֗קֶר	det	the
11	בֹּ֗קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 הְיֹ֣ת	nsubj	morning
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יְהִי֩	cc	and
13	יְהִי֩	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִי֩	conj	it was
14	קֹלֹ֨ת	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יְהִי֩	nsubj	thunder claps
15	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 בְרָקִ֜ים	cc	and
16	בְרָקִ֜ים	בָּרָק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 קֹלֹ֨ת	conj	lightning flashes
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 עָנָ֤ן	cc	and
18	עָנָ֤ן	עָנָן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 קֹלֹ֨ת	conj	a cloud
19	כָּבֵד֙	כָּבֵד	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 עָנָ֤ן	amod	heavy
20	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	22 הָ֔ר	case	on
21	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 הָ֔ר	det	the
22	הָ֔ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יְהִי֩	obl	mountain
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 חָזָ֣ק	cc	and [the]
24	קֹ֥ל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 חָזָ֣ק	nsubj	sound
25	שֹׁפָ֖ר	שֹׁופָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 קֹ֥ל	compound:smixut	of a ram's horn
26	חָזָ֣ק	חָזָק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְהִי֩	conj	strong
27	מְאֹ֑ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	26 חָזָ֣ק	advmod	very
28	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 יֶּחֱרַ֥ד	cc	and
29	יֶּחֱרַ֥ד	חָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִי֩	conj	it trembled
30	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 יֶּחֱרַ֥ד	nsubj	all
31	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	32 עָ֖ם	det	the
32	עָ֖ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
33	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	36 מַּחֲנֶֽה	mark	which
34	בַּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	36 מַּחֲנֶֽה	case	[was] in
35	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	36 מַּחֲנֶֽה	det	the
36	מַּחֲנֶֽה	מַחֲנֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 כָּל־	acl:relcl	camp
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 מַּחֲנֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הְיֹת came	infinitive construct · qal	בֹּקֶר morning
יְהִי it was	wayyiqtol · qal	קֹלֹת thunder claps + בְרָקִים lightning flashes + עָנָן a cloud
יֶּחֱרַד it trembled	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַהֲוָה בְיוֹמָא תְלִיתָאָה בְּמֶהֱוֵי צַפְרָא וַהֲוָה קָלִין וּבַרְקִין וַעֲנָנָא תַקִיף עַל טוּרָא וְקַל שׁוֹפָרָא תַּקִיף לַחֲדָא וְזָע כָּל עַמָא דִי בְמַשְׁרִיתָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:509.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.16/