Genesis 1:2 · JPS 1917

Now the earth was unformed and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters.

Who acts: earth, darkness, spirit · What happens: be, hover · To what, where: face

This is Genesis 1:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, darkness, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 unformed	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 earth	det
3	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 unformed	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 unformed	cop
5	unformed	unform	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 void	cc
7	void	void	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 unformed	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 face	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 face	cc
10	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 face	nsubj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 face	cop
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 face	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 face	det
14	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 unformed	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 deep	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 deep	det
17	deep	deep	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 face	nmod
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 hovered	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 hovered	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 spirit	det
21	spirit	spirit	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 hovered	nsubj
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 God	case
23	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 spirit	nmod
24	hovered	hover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 unformed	conj
25	over	over	ADP	_	27 face	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 face	det
27	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 hovered	obl
28	of	of	ADP	_	30 waters	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 waters	det
30	waters	water	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 face	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 unformed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the earth		now	unform property	tree rules
2	be		the earth not said here				tree rules
3	is	past	darkness			upon the face; of the deep	tree rules
4	hover	past	the spirit of God	the face of the waters			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over face=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃

Genesis 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:GEN:1 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1/