Genesis 43:18 · JPS 1917
And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.'
Who acts: men, beasts, man · What happens: be, bring, say, return, bring in, seek · To what, where: beasts, house, money, sacks, we, occasion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Genesis 43:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, beasts, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 afraid | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 men | det |
| 3 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 afraid | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 afraid | cop |
| 5 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 brought | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 brought | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 brought | aux:pass |
| 10 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 afraid | advcl |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 house | case |
| 12 | Joseph | Joseph | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 house | nmod:poss |
| 13 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 12 Joseph | case |
| 14 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 brought | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 said | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 said | cc |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 said | nsubj |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 afraid | conj |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 37 brought | punct |
| 20 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 37 brought | punct |
| 21 | Because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 24 money | case |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Because | fixed |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 money | det |
| 24 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 brought | obl |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 returned | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 returned | aux:pass |
| 27 | returned | return | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 money | acl:relcl |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 sacks | case |
| 29 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 sacks | nmod:poss |
| 30 | sacks | sack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 returned | obl |
| 31 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 time | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 time | det |
| 33 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 34 time | amod |
| 34 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 returned | obl |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 brought | aux:pass |
| 36 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 said | ccomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 brought | compound:prt |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 seek | punct |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 seek | mark |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 seek | nsubj |
| 42 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 seek | aux |
| 43 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 brought | advcl |
| 44 | occasion | occasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 seek | obj |
| 45 | against | against | ADP | _ | 46 us | case |
| 46 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 seek | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 fall | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 fall | cc |
| 49 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 seek | conj |
| 50 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 51 us | case |
| 51 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 fall | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 take | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 take | cc |
| 54 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 49 fall | conj |
| 55 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 54 take | obj |
| 56 | for | for | ADP | _ | 57 bondmen | case |
| 57 | bondmen | bondman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 take | obl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 asses | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 asses | cc |
| 60 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 asses | nmod:poss |
| 61 | asses | ass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 bondmen | conj |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 afraid | punct |
| 63 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the men | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bring | past · passive | beasts = beast | Joseph's house | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into house=Destination | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | beasts = beast | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | return | past · passive | the money | our sacks | time | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 5 | bring in | present · passive | we | because the money | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | ||||
| 6 | seek | may | man | occasion | against us | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent occasion=Theme against we=Location | |||
| 7 | fall | infinitive | man not said here | upon us | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon we=Location | ||||
| 8 | take | infinitive | man not said here | us | for bondmen and our asses | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent we=Theme for bondman=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּ֣י הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵף֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ עַל־דְּבַ֤ר הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַשָּׁ֤ב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מֽוּבָאִ֑ים לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְלָקַ֧חַת אֹתָ֛נוּ לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃
Genesis 43:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:GEN:1418 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1418/