Genesis 43:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: men, beasts, man · What happens: be, bring, say, return, bring in, seek · To what, where: beasts, house, money, sacks, we, occasion · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 43:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, beasts, man — and what happens in the verse to beasts, house, money, sacks, we, occasion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּ֣י הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵף֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ עַל־דְּבַ֤ר הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַשָּׁ֤ב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מֽוּבָאִ֑ים לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְלָקַ֧חַת אֹתָ֛נוּ לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃

And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	cc	and
2	יִּֽירְא֣וּ	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they were afraid
3	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים	det	the
4	אֲנָשִׁ֗ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	nsubj	men
5	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 הֽוּבְאוּ֮	mark	(dm)
6	הֽוּבְאוּ֮	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	advcl	they were brought
7	בֵּ֣ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 הֽוּבְאוּ֮	obl	the house
8	יוֹסֵף֒	יוֹסֵף	PROPN	_	7 בֵּ֣ית	compound:smixut	of Joseph
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יֹּאמְר֗וּ	cc	and
10	יֹּאמְר֗וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ	conj	they said
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 דְּבַ֤ר	case	on
12	דְּבַ֤ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 מֽוּבָאִ֑ים	obl	the matter
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 כֶּ֙סֶף֙	det	of
14	כֶּ֙סֶף֙	כֶּסֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 דְּבַ֤ר	compound:smixut	the silver
15	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	16 שָּׁ֤ב	mark	[which] came
16	שָּׁ֤ב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	14 כֶּ֙סֶף֙	acl:relcl	back
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙י	case	in
18	אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙י	אַמְתַּחַת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 שָּׁ֤ב	obl	sacks
19	נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙י	nmod:poss	our
20	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 תְּחִלָּ֔ה	case	at
21	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 תְּחִלָּ֔ה	det	the
22	תְּחִלָּ֔ה	תְּחִלָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 שָּׁ֤ב	obl	beginning
23	אֲנַ֖חְנוּ	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	24 מֽוּבָאִ֑ים	nsubj	we
24	מֽוּבָאִ֑ים	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Plur	10 יֹּאמְר֗וּ	ccomp	[are being] brought
25	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	26 הִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל	case	to
26	הִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל	גָּלַל	VERB	HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL	24 מֽוּבָאִ֑ים	advcl	roll himself
27	עָלֵ֙י	עַל	ADP	_	28 נוּ֙	case	on
28	נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 הִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל	obl	us
29	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	31 הִתְנַפֵּ֣ל	cc	and
30	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	31 הִתְנַפֵּ֣ל	case	to
31	הִתְנַפֵּ֣ל	נָפַל	VERB	HebBinyan=HITHPAEL	26 הִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל	conj	throw himself
32	עָלֵ֔י	עַל	ADP	_	33 נוּ	case	on
33	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 הִתְנַפֵּ֣ל	obl	us
34	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	36 קַ֧חַת	cc	and
35	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	36 קַ֧חַת	case	to
36	קַ֧חַת	לָקַח	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	26 הִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל	conj	take
37	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	38 ָ֛נוּ	case
38	ָ֛נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	36 קַ֧חַת	obj	us
39	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	40 עֲבָדִ֖ים	case	to
40	עֲבָדִ֖ים	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	36 קַ֧חַת	obl	slaves
41	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	43 חֲמֹרֵֽי	cc	and
42	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	43 חֲמֹרֵֽי	case	(et)
43	חֲמֹרֵֽי	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 קַ֧חַת	conj	donkeys
44	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	43 חֲמֹרֵֽי	nmod:poss	our
45	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	44 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּֽירְאוּ they were afraid	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
הֽוּבְאוּ they were brought	qatal · hophal		אֲנָשִׁים men
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
שָּׁב back	participle active · qal	כֶּסֶף the silver
מֽוּבָאִים [are being] brought	participle passive · hophal		אֲנַחְנוּ we
הִתְגֹּלֵל roll himself	infinitive construct · hithpolel	יוֹסֵף of Joseph
הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself	infinitive construct · hithpael	יוֹסֵף of Joseph
קַחַת take	infinitive construct · qal	יוֹסֵף of Joseph	ָנוּ us

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּדְחִילוּ גֻּבְרַיָּא אֲרֵי אִתַּעֲלוּ לְבֵית יוֹסֵף וַאֲמָרוּ עַל עֵסַק כַּסְפָּא דְּאִתּוֹתַב בְּטוֹעֲנָנָא בְּקַדְמֵיתָא אֲנַחְנָא מִתַּעֲלִין לְאִתְרַבְרָבָא עֲלָנָא וּלְאִסְתַּקָּפָא עֲלָנָא וּלְמִקְנֵי יָתָנָא לְעַבְדִּין וּלְמִדְבַּר יָת חֲמָרָנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said: 'Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1308.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.43.18/