Genesis 15:12 · JPS 1917
And it came to pass, that, when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, a dread, even a great darkness, fell upon him.
Who acts: prey, sun, deep sleep, dread · What happens: come, pass, go down, fall · To what, where: Abram
This is Genesis 15:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prey, sun, deep sleep, dread), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 fell | punct |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 fell | mark |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 going | punct |
| 9 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 13 going | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sun | det |
| 11 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 going | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 going | aux |
| 13 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 fell | advcl |
| 14 | down | down | ADV | _ | 13 going | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 going | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 sleep | det |
| 17 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 sleep | amod |
| 18 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fell | nsubj |
| 19 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | ccomp |
| 20 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 21 Abram | case |
| 21 | Abram | Abram | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 fell | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 fell | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 fell | cc |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lo | punct |
| 25 | lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 35 fell | discourse |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lo | punct |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 dread | det |
| 28 | dread | dread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 fell | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 darkness | punct |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 33 darkness | advmod |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 darkness | det |
| 32 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 darkness | amod |
| 33 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 dread | appos |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 dread | punct |
| 35 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 fell | conj |
| 36 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 37 him | case |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 fell | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | prey | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | prey not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | go down | past · progressive | the sun | down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | fall | past | a deep sleep | Abram | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon abram=Location | ||||
| 5 | fall | past | a dread | upon Abram | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְהִ֤י הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לָב֔וֹא וְתַרְדֵּמָ֖ה נָפְלָ֣ה עַל־אַבְרָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵימָ֛ה חֲשֵׁכָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה נֹפֶ֥לֶת עָלָֽיו׃
Genesis 15:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:GEN:388 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.388/