Genesis 18:20 · JPS 1917
And the LORD said: 'Verily, the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and, verily, their sin is exceeding grievous.
Who acts: LORD, cry, sin, Sodom · What happens: say, be, cry · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Genesis 18:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, cry, sin, Sodom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 LORD | det |
| 3 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 great | punct |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 great | punct |
| 7 | Verily | verily | ADV | _ | 16 great | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Verily | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cry | det |
| 10 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 great | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Sodom | case |
| 12 | Sodom | Sodom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 cry | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 Gomorrah | cc |
| 14 | Gomorrah | Gomorrah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Sodom | conj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 great | cop |
| 16 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 said | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 grievous | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 grievous | cc |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 verily | punct |
| 20 | verily | verily | ADV | _ | 26 grievous | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 verily | punct |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 sin | nmod:poss |
| 23 | sin | sin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 grievous | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 grievous | cop |
| 25 | exceeding | exceeding | ADV | _ | 26 grievous | advmod |
| 26 | grievous | grievous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 great | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the LORD | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah | great, verily property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | present | men's sin | exceeding, grievous, verily property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cry | Sodom and Gomorrah | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה זַעֲקַ֛ת סְדֹ֥ם וַעֲמֹרָ֖ה כִּי־רָ֑בָּה וְחַ֨טָּאתָ֔ם כִּ֥י כָבְדָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃
Genesis 18:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:GEN:462 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.462/