Leviticus 20:19 · JPS 1917
And thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother's sister, nor of thy father's sister; for he hath made naked his near kin; they shall bear their iniquity.
Who acts: thou, man, father · What happens: not uncover, make, bear · To what, where: nakedness, near kin, iniquity
This is Leviticus 20:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, man, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 uncover | cc |
| 2 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 5 uncover | nsubj |
| 3 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 5 uncover | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 uncover | advmod |
| 5 | uncover | uncover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 nakedness | det |
| 7 | nakedness | nakedness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 uncover | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 sister | case |
| 9 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 10 mother | nmod:poss |
| 10 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sister | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 mother | case |
| 12 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 nakedness | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 sister | punct |
| 14 | nor | nor | CCONJ | _ | 19 sister | cc |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 sister | case |
| 16 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 17 father | nmod:poss |
| 17 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sister | nmod:poss |
| 18 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 17 father | case |
| 19 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sister | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 made | punct |
| 21 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 24 made | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 made | nsubj |
| 23 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 made | aux |
| 24 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 uncover | advcl |
| 25 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 made | xcomp |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 kin | nmod:poss |
| 27 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 kin | amod |
| 28 | kin | kin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 made | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 bear | punct |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 bear | nsubj |
| 31 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 bear | aux |
| 32 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 uncover | parataxis |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 iniquity | nmod:poss |
| 34 | iniquity | iniquity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 bear | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 uncover | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not uncover | shall | thou | the nakedness of thy mother's sister nor thy father's sister | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | present · perfect | man | man's near kin | naked property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kin=Product | |||
| 3 | bear | shall | father | father's iniquity | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iniquity=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְעֶרְוַ֨ת אֲח֧וֹת אִמְּךָ֛ וַאֲח֥וֹת אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה כִּ֧י אֶת־שְׁאֵר֛וֹ הֶעֱרָ֖ה עֲוֺנָ֥ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ׃
Leviticus 20:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LEV:598 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.598/