Numbers 35:23 · JPS 1917
or with any stone, whereby a man may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, so that he died, and he was not his enemy, neither sought his harm;
Who acts: man, murderer · What happens: die, not see, cast, not be, seek, harm · To what, where: man, stone, enemy, harm
This is Numbers 35:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, murderer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 cast | cc |
| 2 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 cast | case |
| 3 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 stone | det |
| 4 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cast | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 die | punct |
| 6 | whereby | whereby | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 die | advmod |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 man | det |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 die | nsubj |
| 9 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 die | aux |
| 10 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 stone | acl:relcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 seeing | punct |
| 12 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 die | advcl |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 seeing | obj |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 seeing | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 cast | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 cast | cc |
| 17 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 sought | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 cast | obj |
| 19 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 cast | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 died | punct |
| 22 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 25 died | mark |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 22 so | fixed |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 died | nsubj |
| 25 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 sought | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 enemy | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 enemy | cc |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 enemy | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 enemy | cop |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 enemy | advmod |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 32 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 died | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 sought | punct |
| 34 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 35 sought | cc |
| 35 | sought | seek | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 harm | nmod:poss |
| 37 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sought | obj |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 sought | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | die | may | a man | whereby property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | not see | gerund | a man not said here | man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | cast | infinitive | any stone | upon murderer | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme upon he=Destination | ||||
| 4 | die | past | murderer | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | not is a | past | murderer | murderer's enemy | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | seek | past | murderer's harm | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Theme | |||||
| 7 | harm | murderer | nom harm «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
א֣וֹ בְכָל־אֶ֜בֶן אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֥וּת בָּהּ֙ בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת וַיַּפֵּ֥ל עָלָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהוּא֙ לֹא־אוֹיֵ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֽוֹ׃
Numbers 35:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NUM:1299 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1299/