Estonia, sentence 362

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Recent years have seen an increase in Estonia's cultivated land, with approximately 1.05 million hectares of arable land and 0.24 million hectares of natural grasslands recorded by 2019.

Who acts: Recent years · What happens: see, cultivate, record · To what, where: increase, cultivated land, natural grasslands

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Recent years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 years	amod
2	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 seen	nsubj
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 increase	det
6	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seen	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	11 land	case
8	Estonia	Estonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 land	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Estonia	case
10	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 land	amod
11	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seen	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hectares	punct
13	with	with	ADP	_	17 hectares	case
14	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	16 million	advmod
15	1.05	1.05	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 million	compound
16	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 hectares	nummod
17	hectares	hectare	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 seen	conj
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 land	case
19	arable	arable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 land	amod
20	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hectares	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 hectares	cc
22	0.24	0.24	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 million	compound
23	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	24 hectares	nummod
24	hectares	hectare	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 land	conj
25	of	of	ADP	_	27 grasslands	case
26	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 grasslands	amod
27	grasslands	grassland	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 hectares	nmod
28	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 grasslands	acl
29	by	by	ADP	_	30 2019	case
30	2019	2019	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 recorded	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	see	present · perfect	Recent years	a increase	Estonia's cultivated land		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer increase=Stimulus
2	cultivate	participle					vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	record	participle		natural grasslands not said here		by 2019	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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